JPMA. The Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association
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Case Reports
Aortoenteric fistula - A fatal cause of gastrointestinal bleeding. Can it be missed? - A case report.
Gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding, is the life threating presentation of many diseases in emergency room. Aortoenteric fistula (AEF) is one of the rare causes of GI bleeding that can be fatal if not diagnosed and treated promptly. ⋯ On lab investigation and abdominal CT scan he was diagnosed as aortic aneurysm with AEF. The related pathology, diagnosis and management of the disorder has been discussed in this case report.
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To examine the frequency of ocular emergencies received in a tertiary care setting.. ⋯ Ocular complaints accounted for a reasonable proportion of emergency visits, but many of the visits were unnecessary.
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Optometric or visual acuity assessment is an essential part of ophthalmologic examination. Visual acuity measurement serves as a tool for screening of ophthalmic disorders, as well as diagnosis and monitoring of refractive errors and other causes of reduced acuity. Persons with diabetes may experience situations which impair visual acuity, or which impact the utility of refractive visual acuity assessment. This communication shares guidance as to when and when not to perform visual acuity charting in persons with diabetes.
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Comparative Study
Comparison of Tobacco Consumption among Adults in SAARC Countries (Pakistan, India and Bangladesh).
To compare the findings of Global adult tobacco surveys (GATS) conducted in SAARC Countries. ⋯ All the three South Asian countries have a high prevalence of tobacco consumption. Tobacco use was high in Bangladesh but smokeless tobacco among males was high in India and mean number of cigarettes daily was high in Pakistan.
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Prevalence of tobacco consumption is increasing including both smoked and smokeless tobacco. The objective of this paper is to highlight the prevalence of smokeless tobacco use, its demographic trends as well as socioeconomic determinants based on Global Adult Tobacco Survey 2014 (GATS) -Pakistan. ⋯ Males and less educated individuals should be targeted with behavioral interventions for control of SLT use. Males started SLT use at an earlier age compared to females which can result in premature morbidity and mortality in males. SLT products are cheaper compared to cigarettes, therefore, taxes need to be levied on SLT products.