JPMA. The Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association
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To evaluate the frequency and effects of blast-related otologic injuries. ⋯ Otologic injuries were frequently associated with large blasts.
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Carbohydrate counting or "carb counting" is a meal planning technique for persons with diabetes for managing blood glucose levels by tracking the grams of carbohydrate consumed at meals. It has shown to improve glycaemic control and glycaemic variability and decreases risk of hypoglycaemia in persons with diabetes especially on insulins. ⋯ It also gives flexibility of food choice, helps to identify patterns in blood glucose levels and adjustment of pre meals short acting insulins as related to food intake. In this short review we have summarised basic principles of carbohydrate counting, its application in clinical practice and also exchange lists primarily pertaining to South Asian population.
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Observational Study
Spectrum of interstitial lung disease from a tertiary care hospital in Karachi.
To determine the clinical features and patterns of interstitial lung disease. ⋯ Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis was found to be the most common interstitial lung disease subtype followed by non-specific interstitial pneumonia, sarcoidosis and connective tissue disease-related-interstitial lung disease.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study
Comparing the effectiveness of Betamethasone Gel with Lidocaine Gel local application on endotracheal tube in preventing post-operative sore throat (POST).
To see whether betamethasone gel or lidocaine gel is superior in reducing the incidence of post-operative sore throat after tracheal extubation. ⋯ Local application of betamethasone gel was associated with reduced risk of post-operative sore throat as compared to local application of lidocaine gel on the endotracheal tube.
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To characterise the clinicopathological features of gastric cancer. ⋯ Gastric cancer was diagnosed in advanced stages and in young females. Younger patients were more frequently affected by poorly differentiated and diffuse adenocarcinoma.