The Journal of the American Board of Family Practice / American Board of Family Practice
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J Am Board Fam Pract · Nov 2003
ReviewPatient self-referral for radiologic screening tests: clinical and ethical concerns.
Retail marketing of radiologic screening tests is increasingly common in the United States. Without a physician referral, patients can now directly purchase screening computed tomography (CT) or ultrasound scans. In this article, we consider the clinical and ethical ramifications of widespread screening of low-risk populations with 4 commonly marketed tests: whole-body CT, CT-based heart scans, heel ultrasound for osteoporosis, and carotid duplex sonography for carotid stenosis. ⋯ Finally, widespread testing could increase health care costs with little public health benefit. Patients should probably avoid radiologic screening tests until the tests have been appropriately evaluated in controlled studies and recommended by unbiased national panels, such as the United States Preventive Services Task Force. Primary care physicians and their professional societies should emphasize the uncertain benefits and potential hazards of indiscriminate imaging among healthy, asymptomatic consumers.
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J Am Board Fam Pract · Mar 2003
ReviewMind-body medicine: state of the science, implications for practice.
Although emerging evidence during the past several decades suggests that psychosocial factors can directly influence both physiologic function and health outcomes, medicine had failed to move beyond the biomedical model, in part because of lack of exposure to the evidence base supporting the biopsychosocial model. The literature was reviewed to examine the efficacy of representative psychosocial-mind-body interventions, including relaxation, (cognitive) behavioral therapies, meditation, imagery, biofeedback, and hypnosis for several common clinical conditions. ⋯ There is now considerable evidence that an array of mind-body therapies can be used as effective adjuncts to conventional medical treatment for a number of common clinical conditions.