Canadian Anaesthetists' Society journal
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Over the past three years, 36 anaesthetics were administered to 27 patients with achondroplastic dwarfism. Twenty-four patients underwent craniectomy for foramen magnum stenosis. Sixteen of the operations were undertaken in the sitting position with nine incidents of venous air embolism (VAE), all of which occurred in patients under 12 years of age. ⋯ Airway management and laryngoscopy were not difficult and we found that endotracheal tube size was best predicted by the patient's weight and not age. Blood loss was 38 +/- 9 mg X kg-1 in the prone position (n = 8) and 18 +/- 4 mg X kg-1 in the sitting position (n = 16), and was related to the surgical procedure rather than to dwarfism. Our data indicate that complications are more likely to occur in the sitting position, and that these complications are of a serious nature, and every precaution should be taken to avoid their occurrence.
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To determine the optimal interval between the administration of the priming dose and the intubating dose, atracurium was given to 44 patients either in a single dose of 0.5 mg X kg-1 or in an initial dose of 0.06 mg X kg-1 followed two, three or five minutes later with 0.44 mg X kg-1. When atracurium was given as a single bolus of 0.5 mg X kg-1 the time to 100 per cent twitch suppression (onset time) was 90.9 +/- 36 (mean +/- SD) seconds. When the priming interval was two minutes, the onset time of the intubating dose was 76.6 +/- 42.2 seconds (p = NS). ⋯ Waiting for five minutes after the administration of the priming dose did not improve the intubating conditions. It is concluded that three minutes appears to be the optimal time interval for the administration of atracurium in divided doses. When a priming dose of atracurium is given three minutes before the intubating dose, it can provide an alternative to succinylcholine for rapid endotracheal intubation.
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During general anaesthesia with oxygen, nitrous oxide and enflurane, a 29-year-old woman received a total of 105 mg (1.78 mg X k-1) of atracurium over a 2.5 hour period. The neuromuscular blockade could not be completely reversed with neostigmine and mechanical ventilatory support was necessary for three hours postoperatively. The patient received succinylcholine without unusual sequelae before and after this episode. This is the first report of a patient who exhibited prolonged weakness after receiving atracurium.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical Trial
Nausea and vomiting after strabismus surgery in preschool children.
The incidence of nausea and vomiting after strabismus surgery was studied in 64 children aged one to six years. Incidence was determined in the post-anaesthesia recovery room (PARR), in the same day surgery (SDS) unit, and at home on days one and two after the operation. ⋯ Droperidol slightly but significantly delayed awakening and was not, at least in this particular age group, associated with any difference in postoperative sickness. Despite theoretical advantages, glycopyrrolate offered no significant benefit over atropine as far as postoperative emesis was concerned.