Gan to kagaku ryoho. Cancer & chemotherapy
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Gan To Kagaku Ryoho · Oct 1987
Review[Antitumor drug screening at the National Cancer Institute, U.S.A].
The development of suitable screening systems is one of the most important determinants for the successful discovery of new anti-tumor drugs. The National Cancer Institute, U. ⋯ In this article, the historical overview of this effort, and the difficulties and problems of this approach was reviewed. Also the new "Disease-Oriented Screening System", which is now under development as a new screening system at the National Cancer Institute was also described.
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Gan To Kagaku Ryoho · Jan 1987
Comparative Study[Role of immune skin reactions in progressive lung cancer during the administration of OK-432--relation to reactions to DNCB, PPD and Su-PS].
In order to study the role of immune skin reactions (DNCB, PPD, Su-PS reaction) in progressive lung cancer, various investigations were conducted, in particular during the administration of OK-432, and the following results were obtained. Before and after chemotherapy, only a slight decrease in the skin reactions was noted. Su-PS reaction was intensified by the administration of OK-432, but other skin reactions were not changed after 3 months, being only slightly intensified by long-term administration. ⋯ However, no such tendency was noted for the PPD reaction. Thus, for understanding the pathologic state and prognosis of patients with progressive lung cancer, the Su-PS reaction was most useful during intra dermal administration of OK-432, the PPD reaction was moderately useful, but the DNCB reaction produced different results. Therefore, for the evaluation of prognosis, it was considered essential to select and combine the skin reactions according to the examination timing and treatment schedule.
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Gan To Kagaku Ryoho · Jan 1986
[Treatment modalities for malignant gliomas with reference to their pathophysiology].
The histological classification, pathophysiology, and treatment modalities of malignant gliomas (glioblastoma, malignant astrocytoma) were reviewed with reference to the WHO classification of primary brain tumors and the recent progress made in glioma biology. Patients with glioblastoma and malignant astrocytoma showed, respectively, 10.6% and 22.2 of the five-year survival rate according to the All Japan Brain Tumor Registry. In order to improve the prognosis of malignant glioma patients, many clinical trials have been conducted throughout the world. ⋯ One should treat the residual tumor with irradiation, chemotherapy and immunotherapy. Radiation therapy alone and radiation therapy plus chemotherapy using nitrosoureas or procarbazine have been proved statistically to be more effective for malignant gliomas than supportive care and radiation therapy alone, respectively. Prospective clinical trials support the view that malignant gliomas should be treated vigorously using a multimodal approach that includes surgical resection, high-dose radiation therapy, and prolonged maintenance chemotherapy.
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Gan To Kagaku Ryoho · Jun 1984
[Ultrasonically guided biopsy of mass lesions in the pancreas, liver and gallbladder].
The first paper describing ultrasonically guided biopsy of the kidney was reported by Berlyne in 1961. The next important development was the production by Holm and Goldberg in 1972 of a special pilot transducer with a central cannula through which a fine needle could be introduced. The present author reported the definitive diagnosis of pancreatic carcinoma with percutaneous aspiration biopsy using contact compound scanning methods in 1977. ⋯ On inserting the needle into the gallbladder for cytological examination, a biochemical analysis of bile juice , CEA and LDH, was performed, as for cases of pancreatic cyst. In gallbladder carcinoma, LDH and CEA showed significantly higher levels than in benign mass lesions. The merits of ultrasonic real time guidance for puncture technique are safety, ability of hitting a small target accurately, short time requirement, harmlessness and ease of use at the bedside.