Conference proceedings : ... Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual Conference
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Conf Proc IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc · Jan 2006
Observer design in switching control of neuromuscular blockade: clinical cases.
This paper concerns the application of multiple model switched methods to the control of neuromuscular blockade of patients undergoing anaesthesia. Since the model representing the neuromuscular blockade process is subject to a high level of uncertainty due both to inter-patient variability and time variations, switched methods provide the adaptation capability needed to achieve the desired performance. ⋯ Guidelines are provided for adequate selection of the characteristic polynomial defining the observer error dynamics. Second, clinical results using atracurium as blocking agent are reported in order to illustrate the use of the proposed control structure in actual clinical practice.
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Conf Proc IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc · Jan 2006
Development and implementation of a biomedical information network.
Once the requirement for a biomedical information network has been articulated, the process of development and implementation can then be approached. Although the general architecture of such a system may appear to be self evident, there are careful design considerations that will allow the network to be robust and achieve increased levels of functionality as additional systems come on-line and become integrated into the network. ⋯ We have chosen the Emergin Orchestrator product (Boca Raton, Fl) as the vehicle for integrating these systems. The major design and implementation tasks include defining the basic information architecture, assessing the performance of the existing IT infrastructure, and understanding the native capabilities and limitations of each system involved in the network.
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Conf Proc IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc · Jan 2006
Circuit compliance compensation in lung protective ventilation.
Lung protective ventilation utilizes low tidal volumes to ventilate patients with severe lung pathologies. The compensation of breathing circuit effects, i.e. those induced by compressible volume of the circuit, results particularly critical in the calculation of the actual tidal volume delivered to patient's respiratory system which in turns is responsible of the level of permissive hypercapnia. ⋯ Experimental tests conducted in-vitro show that the actual tidal volume can be reliably estimated if the compliance of the breathing circuit is measured with the same parameters and ventilation technique that will be utilized in lung protective ventilation. Differences between volume and pressure controlled ventilation are also quantitatively assessed showing that pressure controlled ventilation allows a more reliable compensation of breathing circuit compressible volume.
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We describe a novel algorithm to estimate the pulse pressure variation index (PPV) from arterial blood pressure signals (ABP). PPV has been shown to be one of the best predictors of fluid responsiveness in mechanically ventilated subjects. Our PPV algorithm uses a non-linear technique for envelope estimation, eliminating the need for automatic beat detection. ⋯ The algorithm was validated against the continuous PPV output obtained from the commercially available PiCCOreg system and gold standard expert PPV manual annotations. The data consists of ABP taken from subjects who experienced rapid changes in hemodynamics. This data comprised over six hours of continuous ABP monitoring.
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Conf Proc IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc · Jan 2006
Quantitative EEG assessment of brain injury and hypothermic neuroprotection after cardiac arrest.
In this paper we provide a quantitative electroencephalogram (EEG) analysis to study the effect of hypothermia on the neurological recovery of brain after cardiac arrest. We hypothesize that the brain injury results in a reduction in information of the brain rhythm. To measure the information content of the EEG a new measure called information quantity (IQ), which is the Shannon entropy of decorrelated EEG signals, is developed. ⋯ In addition, EEG signal recovery under normothermic (37 degrees C) and hypothermic (33 degrees C) resuscitation following 5, 7 and 9 minutes of cardiac arrest is recorded and analyzed. Experimental results show that the IQ is higher for hypothermic than normothermic rats. The results quantitatively support the hypothesis that hypothermia accelerates the recovery of brain injury after cardiac arrest.