The Journal of nutrition
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The Journal of nutrition · Mar 2015
ReviewThe Dietary Patterns Methods Project: synthesis of findings across cohorts and relevance to dietary guidance.
The Dietary Patterns Methods Project (DPMP) was initiated in 2012 to strengthen research evidence on dietary indices, dietary patterns, and health for upcoming revisions of the Dietary Guidelines for Americans, given that the lack of consistent methodology has impeded development of consistent and reliable conclusions. DPMP investigators developed research questions and a standardized approach to index-based dietary analysis. This article presents a synthesis of findings across the cohorts. ⋯ The reductions in mortality risk started at relatively lower levels of diet quality. Higher scores on each of the indices, signifying higher diet quality, were associated with marked reductions in mortality. Thus, the DPMP findings suggest that all 4 indices capture the essential components of a healthy diet.
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The Journal of nutrition · Mar 2015
Genetic variations in magnesium-related ion channels may affect diabetes risk among African American and Hispanic American women.
Prospective studies consistently link low magnesium intake to higher type 2 diabetes (T2D) risk. ⋯ Our findings suggest important associations between genetic variations in magnesium-related ion channel genes and T2D risk in AA and HA women that vary by amount of magnesium intake.
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The Journal of nutrition · Mar 2015
Eicosapentaenoic acid reduces adipocyte hypertrophy and inflammation in diet-induced obese mice in an adiposity-independent manner.
Obesity is associated with an overexpansion of adipose tissue, along with increases in blood pressure, glycemia, inflammation, and thrombosis. Research to develop nutritional interventions to prevent or treat obesity and its associated diseases is greatly needed. Previously, we demonstrated the ability of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) to prevent high-fat (HF) diet-induced obesity, insulin resistance, and inflammation in mice. ⋯ With the use of mice and cultured adipocytes, we showed that EPA ameliorates HF-diet effects at least in part by increasing oxygen consumption and fatty acid oxidation and reducing adipocyte size, adipogenesis, and adipose tissue inflammation, independent of obesity.
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The Journal of nutrition · Mar 2015
Dietary variety is inversely associated with body adiposity among US adults using a novel food diversity index.
Consuming a variety (vs. monotony) of energy-poor, nutrient-dense foods may help individuals adhere to dietary patterns favorably associated with weight control. ⋯ Higher US HFD index values were inversely associated with indicators of body adiposity in both sexes, indicating that greater healthful food variety may protect against excess adiposity. This study explicitly recognizes the potential benefits of dietary variety in obesity management and provides the foundation to support its ongoing evaluation.
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The Journal of nutrition · Feb 2015
Review Meta AnalysisParenteral fish oil-containing lipid emulsions may reverse parenteral nutrition-associated cholestasis in neonates: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Growing evidence indicates that fish oil-containing lipid emulsions have a beneficial effect on parenteral nutrition-associated cholestasis (PNAC) in adults; however, data are limited in neonates regarding the effect of fish oil on PNAC. ⋯ The pooled data suggest that the use of fish oil-containing lipid emulsions is effective for reversing PNAC but cannot prevent PNAC in neonates who require prolonged parenteral nutritional support.