The Journal of nutrition
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The Journal of nutrition · Mar 2008
Vegetable but not fruit consumption reduces the risk of type 2 diabetes in Chinese women.
We examined associations between fruit and vegetable intake and the incidence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) in a population-based prospective study of 64,191 women with no history of T2D or other chronic diseases at study recruitment and with valid dietary information. Dietary intake was assessed by in-person interviews using a validated FFQ. During 297,755 person-years of follow-up, 1608 new cases of T2D were documented. ⋯ Individual vegetable groups were all inversely and significantly associated with the risk of T2D. Fruit intake was not associated with the incidence of diabetes in this population. Our data suggest that vegetable consumption may protect against the development of T2D.
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The Journal of nutrition · Jan 2008
Clinical TrialA nutritional intervention promoting a Mediterranean food pattern does not affect total daily dietary cost in North American women in free-living conditions.
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of adopting a Mediterranean diet on dietary cost and energy density in free-living conditions. The 12-wk nutritional intervention consisted of 2 group courses and 7 individual sessions with a dietician in a sample of 73 healthy women. To evaluate the dietary response to the nutritional intervention, a registered dietician administered a FFQ at 0, 6, 12, and 24 wk. ⋯ Adherence to the Mediterranean diet led to increased cost related to vegetables, fruits, legumes, nuts and seeds, canola/olive oil, whole grains, poultry, and fish (P < or = 0.01) and to reduced dietary cost for red meat, refined grains, desserts and sweets, and fast food (P < or = 0.008). In conclusion, these data suggest that adherence to a nutritional intervention program promoting the Mediterranean food pattern is not associated with increased daily dietary cost or energy cost but led to a reduction in energy density. Consequently, increased cost should not be considered a barrier to the promotion and adoption of a Mediterranean diet.
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The Journal of nutrition · Dec 2007
Food insecurity is highly prevalent and predicts underweight but not overweight in adults and school children from Bogotá, Colombia.
The aims of this study were to determine the sociodemographic and dietary correlates of household and child food insecurity in Bogotá, Colombia and to examine whether food insecurity is a risk factor for underweight or overweight in this population. We analyzed data from 2359 families with 2526 children 5-12 y of age who completed a cross-sectional survey conducted in 2006. The survey was representative of low- and middle-income families who had children enrolled in the public primary school system of Bogotá. ⋯ Food insecurity was not related to child stunting, child overweight, or maternal overweight. The prevalence of food insecurity in Bogotá is high and related to poverty. Food insecurity does not necessarily predict overweight in countries undergoing the nutrition transition.
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The Journal of nutrition · Feb 2007
Randomized Controlled TrialMaternal knowledge and use of a micronutrient supplement was improved with a programmatically feasible intervention in Mexico.
In Mexico, the potential impact on child malnutrition from a nutritional supplement (papilla) delivered through a conditional transfer program (Oportunidades) was attenuated by problems of household utilization. A behavioral change through communication intervention was developed to improve supplement utilization. Our study assessed the efficacy of this intervention through the results of a randomized trial. ⋯ Reported behaviors agreed with observed behaviors in the substudy. With the exception of the target-child administration in Chiapas, adopting the recommendations was culturally acceptable and feasible. The results indicate that improvements in household utilization of the supplement can be achieved with a communication intervention that is potentially feasible for implementation on a large scale within the Oportunidades Program.
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The Journal of nutrition · Nov 2006
Triglycerides in fish oil affect the blood clearance of lipid emulsions containing long- and medium-chain triglycerides in mice.
Lipid emulsions containing long-chain triglycerides (LCT) and medium chain triglycerides (MCT) are widely used in parenteral nutrition. Recently, fish oil (FO) triglyceride (TG)-derived emulsions are considered therapeutic because of their many beneficial biological modulatory actions. We investigated in mice whether adding 10% FO to an intravenous lipid emulsion with MCT and LCT (MCT:LCT:FO -50:40:10% by wt) would affect particle blood clearance and tissue targeting in comparison to LCT (100% by wt) and MCT:LCT (50:50% by wt) emulsions. ⋯ Compared with MCT:LCT and LCT emulsions, patterns of tissue uptake of the MCT:LCT:FO emulsions were different, e.g. MCT:LCT:FO emulsion particle uptake was lower in heart, adipose tissue, and muscle, and higher in lung, and the removal of MCT:LCT:FO emulsion particles was less dependent on LPL, LDL-R, and lactoferrin-sensitive pathways. These data suggest that the addition of a low percentage of FO to MCT:LCT emulsions substantially changes their particle clearance and tissue uptake mechanisms.