Scientific reports
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In comparison to elective cesarean delivery, emergency cesarean delivery under endotracheal intubation is associated with higher risk of life-threatening airway problems. In this retrospective study, we evaluate the efficacy and feasibility of using SUPREME laryngeal mask airway (SLMA) in emergency cesarean delivery under general anesthesia (GA). The study included a total of 1039 paturients undergoing emergency cesarean delivery under GA with SLMA from January 2015 to December 2015 at Quanzhou Children's and Women's Hospital. ⋯ Thirty-seven (3.28%) neonates received endotracheal intubation. In conclusion, this retrospective study showed that the SLMA was used successfully in 1039 patients undergoing emergent cesarean delivery without any major complications. Vigilant attention by attending anesthesiologists is warranted.
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Accurate and detailed knowledge of California's groundwater is of paramount importance for statewide water resources planning and management, and to sustain a multi-billion-dollar agriculture industry during prolonged droughts. In this study, we use water supply and demand information from California's Department of Water Resources to develop an aggregate groundwater storage model for California's Central Valley. ⋯ We also discuss and project potential management strategies across different annual supply and demand variables and how they affect changes in groundwater storage. All simulations support the need for collective statewide management intervention to prevent continued depletion of groundwater availability.
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In the rubber hand illusion (RHI), synchronous touch of a real hand and an artificial hand leads to the feeling of the artificial hand belonging to one's own body. This study examined whether the RHI can be induced using visual-thermal instead of visual-tactile stimulus patterns and to which extent the congruency between temperature and colour of the visual stimulus influences the RHI. In a within-subject design, we presented cold vs. warm thermal stimuli to the participants' hidden hand combined with red vs. blue visual stimuli presented synchronously vs. asynchronously at a fake hand. ⋯ Congruent (warm-red, cold-blue) synchronous stimulus patterns led to higher RHI vividness than incongruent (warm-blue, cold-red) synchronous combinations; in the asynchronous conditions, an inverse effect was present. Temperature ratings mainly depended on the actual stimulus temperature and were higher with synchronous vs. asynchronous patterns; they were also slightly higher with red vs. blue light, but there were no interactions with temperature or synchrony. In conclusion, we demonstrated that the RHI can be induced via visual-thermal stimuli, opening new perspectives in research on multi-sensory integration and body representations.
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Surviving winter is a challenge for endothermic animals living at high latitudes. In bats, some species migrate to milder climates in winter, but others presumably stay and hibernate in thermally buffered roosts. ⋯ We collected the details of those accounts and used our own observations to conclude that these bats hibernate in snow. To our knowledge, this is the first evidence of hibernation in snow for bats, and second for mammals, following polar bears (Ursus maritimus) denning in snow.
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Whether we should use carbon nanoparticle (CN) routinely in thyroid surgery is still controversial. 406 papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) patients who underwent total thyroidectomy (TT) with bilateral central lymph node dissection (CLND) from January 2010 to December 2012 were retrospectively analyzed. The incidence of transient hypoparathyroidism and hypocalcemia in CN group was significantly lower than the control group at second, fifth day after surgery (P = 0.004, 0.042, 0.002 and 0.045 respectively). However, no significant difference existed between the two groups about the permanent hypoparathyroidism and hypocalcemia (P = 1.000). ⋯ In the subgroup of prophylactic and therapeutic CLND study, no significant difference existed between the two groups (P = 0.5295 and 0.8459 respectively). CN significantly help in identifying the parathyroid glands in surgery and increased the number of lymph nodes in central compartment. However, we should not exaggerate the function of CN since it couldn't improve the permanent hypoparathyroidism and recurrence in PTC patients who underwent TT with bilateral CLND.