European journal of health law
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Mitochondrial DNA diseases are rare genetic disorders, which can have a devastating effect on the patients' health and well-being. There is no cure for such diseases, although recent experiments suggest that there may be a way to prevent them by genetically altering the eggs or embryos through a procedure known as mitochondrial donation. ⋯ In February 2015, the British Parliament amended the relevant legislation to allow such. a procedure, making the UK the first state to openly challenge the global policy on germline gene modification. The article presents the scientific background to the procedure and discusses the regulatory challenges brought by the first case of its legalisation.
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Although the electronic cigarette was invented in 2004, only recently the product has started to provoke discussion. On the one hand, the electronic cigarette is characterized by scientific uncertainties. ⋯ On the other hand, there is no harmonised European legal framework and different Member States attribute a different legal status to the e-cigarette. In this article, the author analyses how the e-cigarette should be qualified according to the current European legislation and ECJ case law and describes how the e-cigarette is qualified in the UK, France, The Netherlands, Belgium and Spain.
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Implementation of the Directive on the Application on Patient's Rights in Cross-border Healthcare (2011/24/EU) has proved to be quite challenging in Finland.
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The article describes implementation of the Directive 2011/24/EU in the Czech Republic, its consequences with individual patient's rights and financing of healthcare for citizens of the European Union.