Salud pública de México
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Salud pública de México · Jan 2013
Review[Cross-cultural adaptation and health questionnaires validation: revision and methodological recommendations].
The simple translation of a questionnaire may lead to misinterpretation due to language and cultural differences. When using questionnaires developed in other countries and languages in scientific studies it is necessary, besides the translation, to carry out a cross-cultural adaptation and validation. ⋯ Two steps are recommended: 1) cross-cultural adaptation: direct translation, synthesis, back translation, expert committee consolidation and pre-testing, and 2) validation (with up to seven steps): assessment of internal consistency, reliability, intra- and inter-observer reliability, face, content, criterion and construct validity. Lack of equivalence between questionnaires limits the comparability of results among populations with different cultures and languages and the exchange of information in the scientific community.
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Salud pública de México · Jun 2012
Review[Aiming for the adolescent market: internet and video games, the new strategies of the tobacco industry].
Exposure to tobacco advertisement is associated with smoking initiation among the youth, its elimination is a key objective to effectively curb the tobacco epidemic. Historically, the tobacco industry has pioneered the use of new communication technologies to keep and expand their market. Nowadays, Internet and video games have transcended the entertainment sphere, becoming significant media for massive communication and providing new opportunities for advertisement. The present essay reviews the existing literature on tobacco presence in the Internet and video games to define research and policy tasks required to develop effective means for tobacco advertisement regulation and control.
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Salud pública de México · Jun 2012
Review[Undue tobacco industry interference in tobacco control policies in Mexico].
OBJECTIVO: To identify tobacco industry's strategies aimed at containing the full adoption of public health policies established by the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control. ⋯ Tobacco industry's interfering strategies have successfully affected Mexican policies.
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Salud pública de México · Jan 2008
Review[Competition and prices in the Mexican pharmaceutical market].
The forms of market competition define prices. The pharmaceutical market contains submarkets with different levels of competition; on the one hand are the innovating products with patents, and on the other, generic products with or without trade names. ⋯ In Mexico, medicine prices in the private market are high--according to aggregated estimates and prices for specific medicines--which reflect the limitations of pharmaceutical market competition and the power of the trade name. The public segment enjoys competitive prices using the WHO strategy for essential medicines on the basis of the Essential List.
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Salud pública de México · Nov 2006
Review Comparative Study Historical ArticleThe essential health reform in Chile; a reflection on the 1952 process.
The authors claim that the critical health reform in Chilean history was the establishment of the National Health Service (NHS) in 1952. The development of modern Chilean health care since the end of the 19th century is discussed both in terms of the prevailing health situation and the subsequent evolution of institutions and policies, with an emphasis on the social and political conditions that led to the creation of the NHS in 1952. From this analysis and from a comparison of infant mortality rates among Latin American countries during the same period, the authors infer that the 1952 health reform was the social and political benchmark that allowed Chile to exhibit the relatively favorable health situation it still enjoys. ⋯ Similarly, the "second-generation reform" was that implemented by the democratic administrations of the early 1990s to reverse the harm done by their military predecessors. The rapid aging of the population and the advent of new technologies pose a challenge to the insurance system's coverage capacity and threaten the sustainability of all health systems. The implementation of universal, comprehensive, collective health systems, managed under the most integrated authority political conditions will allow, is emphasized as an appropriate solution for developed and developing countries alike.