Middle East journal of digestive diseases
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Middle East J Dig Dis · Jan 2012
ReviewThe Prevalence of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) in the Islamic Republic of Iran: A Systematic Review.
BACKGROUND Gastroesophageal reflux disease is a common, chronic disease worldwide. The weekly prevalence of reflux in developed countriesis 10% to 48%. It has previously been reported as 5% in Asian countries, but new reports show a higher level in both Asian and Arab countries. ⋯ The weekly prevalence rate of 21.2% in the Tehran study is the best estimate for reflux in Iran. It seems that reflux is more common in Iran when compared to other Asian countries, and similar to reflux in Western countries. Due to the absence of comprehensive studies in Iran, we recommend that researchers conduct accurate, comprehensive, multi-dimensional studies in order to estimate reflux prevalence and its burden inIran.
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Middle East J Dig Dis · Mar 2011
Case ReportsEctopic location of the ampulla of vater within the pyloric channel.
The ampulla of Vater is commonly located in the posteromedial wall of the second portion of the duodenum. At times, the ampulla of Vater may be found at uncommon sites such as the third and fourth portions of the duodenum, the duodenal bulb and the stomach. We found the ampulla of Vater in the pyloric channel in a 44 year old patient who had undergone surgery for acute cholecystitis. ⋯ The major papilla was not found during endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) and a more accurate T-tube cholangiography revealed that the common bile duct opened in the distal stomach, probably in the pylorus. Finally the ampulla opening was located in the pylorus by methylene blue injection through the T-tube at endoscopy. This rather unusual location of the ampulla of Vater has implications for gastroenterologists performing ERCP.