Medicinski pregled
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Cataract extraction in children has improved and became more popular over the past few decades but, due to particular features of children's eyes, still remains controversial--especially regarding the intraocular lens implantation. ⋯ The functional results after pediatric cataract surgery depend not only on the anatomic success of the operation and postoperative maintenance of a clear optical axis, but even more on aphakic visual rehabilitation. Children's eyes with cataract severe enough to require cataract extraction usually have some degree of amblyopia already present prior to surgery. In unilateral pseudophakia amblyopia develops postoperatively unless the fellow eye is occluded or optically and/or pharmacologically penalized. Immediate optical correction is desirable because prevention and/or therapy of amblyopia should be initiated directly after surgery. Parental compliance with occlusion therapy and not successful surgery are major determinants of a good visual outcome in unilateral aphakic/pseudophakic children.
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Controversies regarding drainage and irrigation with antibiotics following perforated appendicitis still exist in literature. Some authors concluded that undrained patients treated with systemic antimicrobial therapy, adequate fluid resuscitation, emergency appendicectomy, peritoneal lavage and primary abdominal wall closure are less exposed to complications. On the other hand, Lund and Murphy and Schwartz and Tapper are still advocating transperitoneal drainage. In that context the aim of this study was to contribute to the current debate with its original results and conclusions. ⋯ We achieved our lowest rate of serious complications following surgery for pediatric perforated appendix with the use of broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy, primary wound closure and without drainage. Regarding our results, we could propose the same treatment protocol to all in
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Quality assurance and improving systems, standardization of all transfusion procedures as well as quality control and standardization of prepared blood products are necessary elements for work of transfusion centers in the future. Requirements for blood and/or blood products for therapy are: safety, adequate concentration of all active components needed, and treatment efficacy. ⋯ Creation of quality control system documentation is one of the most difficult and most comprehensive parts the quality control system implementation process. The quality policy is adopted, whereas the basic procedures for blood products quality control, which are the subject of this paper, are created.
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The most frequent symptom suggesting endometrial pathology is uterine bleeding. Each postmenopausal uterine bleeding requires fraction explorative curettage and histopathologic examination of the material obtained from the cervical canal and uterine cavity. The aim of this study was to estimate the efficacy of ultrasonography as a non-invasive method in detection of endometrial pathology in postmenopausal women, and to find out whether its more frequent use could safely decrease the number of curettages in detection of these conditions. ⋯ The transvaginal sonography is an efficient and acceptable, noninvasive method for early detection of endometrial pathology in postmenopausal women. The thickened endometrium during menopause is the most significant ultrasonographic criterion implicating its pathology. The vaginosonographically measured thickness of 3 mm and less, gives a relatively safe prediction of endometrial atrophy, whereas the thickness above 3 mm requires explorative curettage and histopathologic examination of the endometrium, no matter if the woman has or has not uterine bleeding. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED)
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Facial palsy can be a consequence of untreated chronic suppurative otitis media. This disease can last for many years manifesting as partial deafness and ear effusion resulting in palsy after spreading of pathological process in the surrounding cranial structures. The patient with facial palsy cannot rise his forehead, nor close his eye on the involved side, while his cheek and lips just fall. ⋯ Otogenic facial