Southern medical journal
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Southern medical journal · Jun 2020
Nationwide Trends in Prevalent Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Diseases in Young Adults: Differences by Sex and Race and In-Hospital Outcomes.
Prevalence and trends in all cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors among young adults (18-39 years) have not been evaluated on a large scale stratified by sex and race. The aim of this study was to establish the prevalence and temporal trend of CVD risk factors in US inpatients younger than 40 years of age from 2007 through 2014 with racial and sex-based distinctions. In addition, the impact of these risk factors on inpatient outcomes and healthcare resource utilization was explored. ⋯ Despite modern advances in screening, management, and interventional measures for CVD, rising trends in CVD risk factors across all sex and race/ethnic groups call for attention by preventive cardiologists.
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Southern medical journal · Jun 2020
Randomized Controlled TrialPretreatment Assessment of Psychosocial Readiness Is Not Associated with Improved Treatment Outcomes in a Safety-Net HCV Treatment Clinic.
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is highly curable with antiviral therapy, and traditionally, treatment adherence has been critical for treatment success. We sought to determine whether assessing HCV treatment readiness with a structured treatment readiness tool was associated with increased rates of adherence and cure among patients at a safety-net HCV clinic. ⋯ We found that receiving the PREP-C assessment did not improve treatment outcomes, suggesting that targeted pretreatment assessment is unnecessary even in a medically and psychosocially complex population.
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Southern medical journal · Jun 2020
ReviewRed Meat Allergies after Lone Star Tick (Amblyomma americanum) Bites.
Red meat allergies have followed tick bites on every continent except Antarctica. The sensitizing antigen is galactose-α-1,3-galactose (α-gal), an oligosaccharide constituent of nonprimate blood and meat, acquired by ticks during animal bloodfeeding. Because red meat allergy after tick bites is a worldwide phenomenon, the objectives of this review were to describe the global epidemiology of red meat allergy after tick bites and its immunological mechanisms; to identify the human risk factors for red meat allergy after tick bites; to identify the most common tick vectors of red meat allergy worldwide; to describe the clinical manifestations, diagnostic confirmation, and management of patients with red meat allergy after tick bites; and to recommend strategies for the prevention of tick bites. ⋯ The major risk factors for red meat allergy after tick bites included male sex, non-B blood type, systemic mastocytosis, a bioprosthetic (bovine or porcine) heart valve, and preexisting allergies to gelatin or animal dander. Following confirmation by challenge testing, patients with red meat allergies should avoid red meats, foods containing gelatin, and intravenous immunotherapy with monoclonal antibodies such as cetuximab and infliximab produced in SP2/0 mouse cell lines. Red meat allergy after tick bites represents an emerging threat from tick bites in addition to infectious diseases.
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Southern medical journal · Jun 2020
Implementation and Assessment of a Pharmacy-Led Inpatient Transitions of Care Program.
To evaluate pharmacist involvement in the inpatient transition of care (TOC) process for patients hospitalized with type 1 diabetes mellitus, type 2 diabetes mellitus, or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. ⋯ This pilot study demonstrated an improved medication reconciliation process with pharmacist involvement, expanding the body of evidence that pharmacists can enhance TOC management in an inpatient setting. These results highlight the utility of a pharmacist in the implementation and refinement of TOC services and provides impetus for a team-based approach when patients experience a TOC.
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Southern medical journal · Jun 2020
A Population-Based Study of Factors Associated with Postpartum Contraceptive Use by Birth Interval Length.
The purpose of this study was to evaluate factors associated with postpartum contraceptive use among women with short and moderate-to-long birth intervals using population-based data from the Pregnancy Risk Assessment and Monitoring System. ⋯ Findings underscore the importance of postpartum medical visits for all women, regardless of birth interval length. Certain groups of women may need additional counseling regarding the importance of using contraceptives to prevent another closely spaced or unintended pregnancy.