Therapeutic hypothermia and temperature management
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Ther Hypothermia Temp Manag · Dec 2016
Use of Normothermic Default Humidifier Settings Causes Excessive Humidification of Respiratory Gases During Therapeutic Hypothermia.
Adult patients frequently suffer from serious respiratory complications during therapeutic hypothermia. During therapeutic hypothermia, respiratory gases are humidified close to saturated vapor at 37°C (44 mg/L) despite that saturated vapor reduces considerably depending on temperature reduction. Condensation may cause serious adverse events, such as bronchial edema, mucosal dysfunction, and ventilator-associated pneumonia during cooling. ⋯ All patients who used a counter-flow humidifier achieved the target gas humidity at the Y-piece (36.6 ± 0.5 mg/L) required for 33.5-adjusted with 33.5-theoretical. During cooling, 37-default is associated with excessively high humidity, whereas 33.5-theoretical leads to excessively low humidity. Future studies are needed to assess whether a new regimen with optimized Y-piece temperature and humidity control reduces serious respiratory adverse events during cooling.
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Ther Hypothermia Temp Manag · Aug 2016
Early Absent Pupillary Light Reflexes After Cardiac Arrest in Patients Treated with Therapeutic Hypothermia.
Loss of pupillary light reactivity is one recognized indicator of poor prognosis after cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). However, drug overdose, low cardiac output, and/or resuscitation drugs can lead to impaired pupillary light reflex. To investigate pupillary light reflex status before therapeutic hypothermia (TH) in relation to neurological outcome, we retrospectively reviewed the data of a prospectively implemented TH protocol in patients with cardiac arrest (CA) at Mayo Clinic in Jacksonville, Florida (January 2006-January 2012), and Mayo Clinic in Scottsdale, Arizona (August 2010-March 2014). ⋯ Both of these patients had CA after illicit drug overdose. Early nonreactive pupils occurred in almost a third of patients after CPR and before TH in our patient population. Recovery of pupillary light reactivity is possible, and in a small minority of those cases (particularly when CA is preceded by the use of illicit drugs), a good outcome can be achieved.
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Ther Hypothermia Temp Manag · Aug 2016
Comparative StudyComparison of Outcomes Between Patients Treated by Therapeutic Hypothermia for Cardiac Arrest Due to Cardiac or Respiratory Causes.
Outcome for patients experiencing out-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) due to respiratory causes is poor, even with treatment by therapeutic hypothermia (TH). The purpose of this study is to clarify difference in outcome and respiratory state during resuscitation between cases due to respiratory causes versus those due to cardiac causes, to establish alternative strategies for the patient. This study was conducted as a retrospective analysis of patients with post CA syndrome who underwent TH. ⋯ In the ABG findings, PaCO2 was significantly higher in the R group than in the C group. For patients experiencing OHCA from respiratory causes, TH was less effective and PaCO2 accumulated immediately after admission. From this, interpretation of the significance of PaCO2 in these patients at the early stage after return of spontaneous circulation should be seriously considered.
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Ther Hypothermia Temp Manag · Jun 2016
The Combination of Biomarkers for Prognostication of Long-Term Outcome in Patients Treated with Mild Hypothermia After Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest-A Pilot Study.
To explore if the brain biomarker neuron-specific enolase (NSE) in combination with a biomarker for stress; CT-proAVP (copeptin), oxidation; peroxiredoxin 4 (Prx4), inflammation; procalcitonin (PCT), or with biomarkers from the heart; midregional proatrial natriuretic peptide (MR-proANP), or troponin T (TnT) can improve the prognostic accuracy of long-term outcome after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). Serum samples from cardiac arrest patients, treated at 33°C for 24 hours, were collected serially at 12, 24, and 48 hours after cardiac arrest. The concentration of the investigated biomarkers was measured using stored samples, and long-term outcome was evaluated by the cerebral performance category (CPC) at 6 months. ⋯ NSE had best prognostic accuracy for poor outcome at 48 hours with a receiver operating characteristic area under curve (AUC) of 0.94 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.87-1). The combination of NSE with TnT, both at 48 hours, increased the AUC to 0.98 (95% CI 0.95-1, likelihood ratio [LR] test p-value 0.07, net reclassification index [NRI] <0.001); NSE and MR-proANP, both at 12 hours, yielded an AUC of 0.91 (95% CI 0.80-1, LR test p-value 0.0014, NRI p-value 0.003); NSE at 48 hours with MR-proANP at 12 hours yielded an AUC of 0.97 (95% CI 0.92-1, LR test p-value 0.055, NRI p-value 0.04). This pilot study suggests that a combination of biomarkers with NSE could be beneficial for improving early prognostication of long-term outcome following OHCA.
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Ther Hypothermia Temp Manag · Jun 2016
Effect of Therapeutic Hypothermia on Survival and Neurologic Outcome in the Elderly.
Old age is considered a negative prognostic factor after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). The purpose of this study was to assess the benefit of therapeutic hypothermia (TH) on survival and neurologic outcome in the elderly. This is a retrospective study of patients treated for OHCA from April 2011 to August 2013 in a regional cardiac system. ⋯ Of 1292 patients considered for TH, 192 (25%) of 552 patients who received TH survived to hospital discharge and 97 (18%) with good neurologic outcome compared to 150 (20%) and 57 (8%), respectively, without TH. The adjusted odds ratio for survival with good neurologic outcome for TH was 2.0 (95% CI 1.3-3.3). TH is associated with improved neurologic outcome in the elderly population.