Arthritis care and research : the official journal of the Arthritis Health Professions Association
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Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical Trial
Acupuncture for the treatment of pain of osteoarthritic knees.
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Objective. To review literature in the area of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis that has focused on pain experience, functional losses, and psychosocial functioning. Methods. ⋯ Conclusions. Although methodologic limitations have plagued this research in the past, new advances are facilitating improved understanding of children and adolescents with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. Implications for future study with this challenging population are offered.
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The purpose of the study was to investigate the contributions of disease activity, health status, and self-efficacy to the pain behavior exhibited by patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Measures included the Arthritis Impact Measurement Scales, the Arthritis Self-Efficacy Scale, a visual analogue scale for pain, and the McGill Pain Questionnaire. Joint counts and ratings of pain behavior also were obtained. ⋯ With joint count entered into the regression model, no other variable consistently increased the predictive accuracy of the model. There were no significant correlations between the modified pain behavior index and either the visual analogue scale for pain or the McGill Pain Questionnaire scores. The results suggest that pain behavior in male rheumatoid arthritis patients is more closely related to disease activity than to self-reported pain, health status, or perceived self-efficacy.
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This study examined the reliability and validity of a behavioral observation method for the assessment of arthritis pain in a clinical practice setting. Trained observers measured the occurrence of seven pain behaviors in a group of 61 rheumatoid arthritis patients undergoing physical examinations. ⋯ Total pain behavior scores obtained in both settings were significantly correlated with patients' self-reports of pain and with disease activity measures. Pain behavior observed during the exams was significantly associated with patients' self-reports of anxiety and depression.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical Trial
Development of a shoulder pain and disability index.
A shoulder pain and disability index (SPADI) was developed to measure the pain and disability associated with shoulder pathology. The SPADI is a self-administered index consisting of 13 items divided into two subscales: pain and disability. Thirty-seven male patients with shoulder pain were used in a study to examine the measurement characteristics of the SPADI. ⋯ Principal components factor analysis with and without varimax rotation supported the construct validity of the total SPADI and its subscales. High negative correlations between changes in SPADI scores and changes in shoulder ROM indicated the SPADI detected changes in clinical status over short time intervals. The SPADI should prove useful for both clinical and research purposes.