Survey of ophthalmology
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Survey of ophthalmology · Jan 2013
ReviewEmbolic and nonembolic transient monocular visual field loss: a clinicopathologic review.
Transient monocular blindness and amaurosis fugax are umbrella terms describing a range of patterns of transient monocular visual field loss (TMVL). The incidence rises from ≈1.5/100,000 in the third decade of life to ≈32/100,000 in the seventh decade of life. We review the vascular supply of the retina that provides an anatomical basis for the types of TMVL and discuss the importance of collaterals between the external and internal carotid artery territories and related blood flow phenomena. Next, we address the semiology of TMVL, focusing on onset, pattern, trigger factors, duration, recovery, frequency-associated features such as headaches, and on tests that help with the important differential between embolic and non-embolic etiologies.
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A 52-year-old man developed transient, migratory polyarthralgias in the presence of hearing loss. He then developed persistent leukocytosis and thrombocytosis. ⋯ It was not until later in the disease progression that gastrointestinal symptoms occurred. Electron microscopy of duodenal biopsies confirmed a diagnosis of Whipple disease.
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Floppy eyelid syndrome is a distressing condition that can cause significant morbidity and vision loss. Many systemic and ocular associations have been proposed, most notably keratoconus and obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome. ⋯ This systematic review discusses the issues surrounding ambiguities in the definition of floppy eyelid syndrome as well as what is currently known about its clinical features, ocular and systemic associations, pathological changes, and proposed theories of pathogenesis. In addition a critical discussion of the proposed surgical treatments and their reported success rates and follow-up times is provided.
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Survey of ophthalmology · Nov 2009
Review Comparative StudyPosition paper: the need for head-to-head studies comparing Avastin versus Lucentis.