International journal of clinical and experimental medicine
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The activation of alpha-7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (α7-nAchRs) are currently being considered as novel therapeutic approaches for managing hyperalgesia in inflammation and chronic neuropathic pain, but the role of a7-nAChRs on opioids induced hyperalgesia remain unknown. The present study investigated the effects of α7-nAChRs selective agonists PHA-543613 and type II positive allosteric modulators (PAMs) PNU-120596 in remifentanil induced postoperative hyperalgesia. As the results shown, intrathecal treatment with both α7-nAChRs agonists and type II PAMs could attenuate remifentanil induced hyperalgesia by increasing paw withdrawal mechanical threshold (PWMT) and paw withdrawal thermal latency (PWTL). ⋯ Our data indicated that activation of α7-nAchRs decreased the proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6) and p-NR2B protein level in the spinal cord. The depression of the increased levels of proinflammatory cytokines and p-NR2B after remifentanil treatment may contribute to the anti-hyperalgesia effects of PHA-543613and PNU-120596 via α7-nAChRs. Therefore, our findings demonstrated that α7-nAChRs may be potential candidates for treating opioids induced hyperalgesia.
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The addition of 6% hydroxyethyl starch (HES) into Ringer lactate priming solution may have adverse effects on hemostasis in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) with or without the use of tranexamic acid. ⋯ In CABG, the administration of tranexamic acid in HES 130/0.4 prime solution study group decreased estimated blood loss and chest tube drainage in comparison to patients receving Ringer prime solution with or without tranexamic acid postoperatively however, no effects on renal functions or postoperative complications were shown.
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During mechanical ventilation, high end-inspiratory lung volume results in a permeability type pulmonary oedema, called ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI). The pathophysiology of ventilator-induced lung injury involves multiple mechanisms, such as excessive inflammation. And pycnogenol is a mixture of flavonoid compounds extracted from pine tree bark that have anti-inflammatory activity. ⋯ Pycnogenol treatment could attenuate ventilator-induced lung injury in rats, at least in part, through its ability to reduce the production of inflammatory cytokines via inhibiting the activation of NF-κB, indicating it as a potential therapeutic candidate for ventilator-induced lung injury.
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Mirror syndrome is also known as Ballantyne syndrome, maternal hydrops, triple edema and pseudotoxemia. The disease can be difficult to diagnose, is related to pregnancy and can grievously endanger the health of both the mother and fetus. ⋯ In this report case, we describe a pregnant woman who suffered from mirror syndrome associated with heart failure. After delivery, the heart failure symptoms also disappeared.
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Sciatic nerve block is widely used for anesthesia and analgesia in lower limb surgery, traditional method used for sciatic nerve block is nerve stimulation guidance. Whether the use of ultrasound-guided technology can increases the success rate of sciatic nerve block and provide other benefits are not defined. This meta-analysis was aimed to clarify this issue. ⋯ Compared to traditional nerve stimulation guidance, ultrasound guidance for sciatic nerve may improve the success rate of block and reduce the risk of vascular puncture.