Acute care
-
Recent studies showed that the patient work of breathing may be unexpectedly high during mechanical ventilation. During assisted mechanical ventilation and synchronous intermittent mechanical ventilation particularly, attention must be paid to the patient work if the respiratory muscles are to be rested. Clinicians should observe chest wall movements to recognize inspiratory efforts and incoordination. Monitoring the profile of inspiratory airway pressure over time is also helpful, with irregular and only partially positive pressures indicating inspiratory effort by patients.
-
I have reviewed the identifiable hemodynamic effects of selected inotropic and vasoactive agents in the context of several clinical patient subsets. Knowledge of relative hemodynamic effects of various agents permits the selection of those that are best in specific clinical circumstances. Combining drugs may only occasionally be advisable to supplement a desired effect or to attenuate an unwanted one.
-
Intraspinal epidural or intrathecal injection of opiates can provide outstanding analgesia in obstetric patients. Epidural and intrathecal opiates may afford more prolonged analgesia without interference of neuromuscular function or depression of the sympathetic nervous system that can occur with other anesthetic regimens. However, certain precautions are recommended to minimize potential side effects.