American journal of diseases of children (1960)
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To determine the rate, type, and severity of injuries to child hockey players as well as assessing coaches', parents', and players' attitudes and knowledge of hockey. ⋯ Eliminating violence and body checking for prepubertal boys while emphasizing rule enforcement and good sportsmanship are recommended.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical Trial
Antipyretic efficacy of ibuprofen vs acetaminophen.
To compare the antipyretic efficacy of ibuprofen, placebo, and acetaminophen. ⋯ Ibuprofen is a potent antipyretic agent and is a safe alternative for the selected febrile child who may benefit from antipyretic medication but who either cannot take or does not achieve satisfactory antipyresis with acetaminophen.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical Trial
Comparison of multidose ibuprofen and acetaminophen therapy in febrile children.
To determine whether febrile children receiving 2.5-, 5-, or 10-mg/kg ibuprofen therapy via a liquid or 15-mg/kg acetaminophen therapy via an elixir every 6 hours for 24 to 48 hours show equivalent fever reduction or suffer adverse effects of the drug administered. ⋯ In 61 of the 64 evaluable patients, treatments were effective and well tolerated during the entire study. While the rates of temperature reduction and maximal reduction of fever after administration of the initial dose were equal for patients receiving 10-mg/kg ibuprofen therapy and 15-mg/kg acetaminophen therapy, and both regimens were more effective than smaller doses of ibuprofen in reducing fever, after the second dose (and continuing to the end of the study) there were no statistically significant differences in temperature response among the treatment groups. Six children were withdrawn from the study, two because of dosing errors, three because of hypothermia (temperature of less than 35.6 degrees C; all three patients were in the acetaminophen group), and one because of gastrointestinal distress (this child was in the group receiving 2.5-mg/kg ibuprofen therapy). No other significant symptoms or adverse laboratory or physical findings were noted. While further confirmatory studies are needed, ibuprofen liquid (10 mg/kg) and acetaminophen elixir (15 mg/kg) administered every 6 hours for 24 to 48 hours appeared to be most effective in reducing fever. These two regimens were equally effective and equally tolerated in febrile children. Lower ibuprofen doses (2.5 and 5 mg/kg) were less effective than acetaminophen and 10-mg/kg ibuprofen therapy after the initial dose but were at least equally effective as these two higher-dose regimens thereafter.
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We reviewed the English language scientific literature about equestrian injuries among children and young adults. All studies showed that more females than males were injured, with falls from horses being the most common cause of injury. ⋯ Pediatricians should know the medical contraindications for participation in equestrian sports and encourage riders to obtain horse safety training and use protective headgear (helmets) approved by the American Society for Testing Materials when riding or working around horses. Pediatricians can play an active role in increasing public awareness of equestrian injuries and in reducing risk of injury.
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Comparative Study
Behavioral changes in pediatric intensive care units.
The purposes of this study were to compare the frequency and severity of manifestations of anxiety, depression, delirium, and withdrawal in pediatric patients hospitalized in intensive care unit vs ward settings and to evaluate the impact of preexisting psychopathologic disorders on the expression of these symptoms. ⋯ Our data indicate that critically ill children in the intensive care unit, children with prolonged or repeated hospitalizations, and children with preexisting anxiety and mood disorders are at greater risk than other hospitalized pediatric patients for psychological trauma and/or behavior problems that may warrant psychiatric intervention. The Hospital Observed Behavior Scale is a reliable tool to quantitate behaviors in hospitalized children.