Tidsskrift for den Norske lægeforening : tidsskrift for praktisk medicin, ny række
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Tidsskr. Nor. Laegeforen. · Dec 1998
Review[Visual hallucinations in ophthalmological and neurological diseases].
Visual hallucination can be defined as visual sensory perception without external stimulation, or something that a patient sees that other observers in the same environment do not see. The images may be unformed (lights, streaks, flashes) or formed (objects, people, scenes). ⋯ Content, duration and timing of visual hallucinations relate to their cause and provide useful clinical information. This paper reviews the topical, pathophysiological and clinical aspects of visual hallucinations.
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Tidsskr. Nor. Laegeforen. · Dec 1998
Biography Historical Article[The first cesarean section in Norway].
The first reported caesarean section in Norway was performed on 20 August 1843 by a general practitioner, Lars Thalian Backer (1812-84). The operation took place in Lardal, Vestfold County, on a 27 year old woman who had been in labour for six days. ⋯ The first caesarean section in Norway resulting in a living child was performed in 1849, but no mother survived the operation before 1890. We recapitulate the caesarean section of 1843; Dr Backer and his qualifications for operative obstetrics; and the state of instrumental and surgical obstetrics in Norway at that time.
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Tidsskr. Nor. Laegeforen. · Dec 1998
Biography Historical Article["An appropriate forceps"--150-year anniversary of Simpson's forceps].
Despite the increasing use of caesarean section and vacuum extraction, obstetric forceps is still in frequent use in obstetric wards. There has, in fact, been an increase due to more active management of births. ⋯ Simpson's forceps has been the most widely used forceps in Norway over the last 120 years. This article describes James Young Simpson, his long forceps, and its use in Norwegian obstetrics.
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The main risk factors for deep vein thrombosis in pregnancy and after delivery are preeclampsia, operative delivery, adiposity, prolonged bed rest, and haemostatic defects (antithrombin, protein C and protein S deficiencies), activated protein C resistance, lupus anticoagulant/antiphospholipid antibodies. Hyperhomocystinaemia is a general risk factor for deep vein thrombosis. The clinical diagnosis of deep vein thrombosis is difficult and must be confirmed by imaging techniques. ⋯ Anticoagulant treatment is prolonged for 6-12 weeks after delivery, usually with warfarin. During pregnancies associated with high risk of thrombosis, low molecular heparin prophylaxis is given during pregnancy and 6-12 weeks after delivery. Thrombosis in pregnancy must be followed by adequate investigation for an underlying thrombotic predisposition.