Tüberküloz ve toraks
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Tüberküloz ve toraks · Jan 2003
Review[Using of fibrinolytics in the treatment of complicated parapneumonic effusion and empyema in children].
Bacterial pneumonia is associated with a high incidence of pleural effusions in children. These parapneumonic effusions usually resolve spontaneously if patients are treated with appropriate antibiotics. However, a small percentage of parapneumonic effusions will become complicated, either loculated non-purulent fluid or an empyema. ⋯ Both streptokinase and urokinase have been used for this purpose but there are few reports of their use in the children. Intrapleural streptokinase and urokinase are equally efficacious in treating complicated parapneumonic effusions and empyemas. Intrapleural instillation of fibrinolytics is an effective and safe mode of treatment for complicated parapneumonic effusions and pleural empyemas, and may reduce the need for more invasive surgical procedures.
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Tüberküloz ve toraks · Jan 2003
Clinical Trial Controlled Clinical Trial[Effects of salbutamol and ipratropium bromide on arterial blood gases in patients with stable COPD].
The aim of this study was to evaluate the acute effects of inhaled salbutamol and ipratropium bromide on arterial blood gases in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). We measured arterial blood gases and spirometry after inhalation of salbutamol (200 micro g) or ipratropium bromide (36 micro g) in 25 patients with COPD. After at least 2 days of washout period, the same patients inhaled the other drug, and the procedure of study was repeated. ⋯ There were a little increase in FEV1 and FVC at 60 minutes after inhalation of both drugs, especially with salbutamol, compared to ipratropium bromide; but both increases were statistically insignificant (p> 0.05). The results revealed that, salbutamol caused a significant, but small and transient decrease in PaO2 and a little, but insignificant increase in D(A-a)DO(2) when used in recommended doses. Although salbutamol and ipratropium bromide which are used in treatment of COPD, can cause small decreases in PaO(2) after inhalation, the declines are trancient and clinically insignificant.
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Tüberküloz ve toraks · Jan 2003
Comparative StudyThe cellular inflammation of bronchial biopsies in chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases.
This study was designed to describe the cellular inflammation, thickness of basement membrane (BMT) and epithelial desquamation (ED) in bronchial biopsies from patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) compared with asthma and healthy individuals. Thirteen subjects with COPD, 12 asthmatic subjects, and 10 healthy individuals enrolled in the study. Bronchial biopsies obtained by fiberoptic bronchoscopy were stained with hematoxylin and eosin to perform cell counts and descriptive analysis. ⋯ As a result, we may conclude that the predominant cells of bronchial mucosa in COPD are the neutrophils whereas they are eosinophils in asthma. Thickening of basement membrane and epithelial desquamation are the major features of asthmatics. However in COPD, these features would be focally present and variable.
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Dyspnea defined as an uncomfortable sensation of breathing is the main cause of disability in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients. There is evidence that the underlying mechanisms of dyspnea are multifactorial. The aim of this study was to investigate these mechanisms causing dyspnea in COPD patients and the relationship between functional parameters, dyspnea scales and quality of life questionnaire. ⋯ SGRQ scores correlated significantly with FEV1, PImax, RV/TLC and P 0.1. There was also strong correlation between BDI and SGRQ scores. In conclusion, dyspnea is the result of multiple factors such as airflow limitation, decreased respiratory muscle strength, changes breathing pattern, hypoxemia, and air trapping which in turn affects quality of life in patients with COPD.
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Tüberküloz ve toraks · Jan 2003
[Pulmonary function test before and after operation of coronary artery by-pass surgery].
Respiratory complications after successful CABG operation continuous to have on influence on the immediate recovery of a patient. It was reported that the mortality risk of the CABG patients increased, proportional to the reduction of pulmonary function tests (PFT). In the present study we aimed to investigate PFT values (vital capacity: VC, total lung capacity: TLC, residual volume: RV, functional residual capacity: FRC, force expiratory volume first second: FEV1, force mid expiratory flow: FEF25-75, duration force expiratory flow in vital capacity 25%: FEF25, duration force expiratory flow in vital capacity 50%: FEF50, duration force expiratory flow in vital capacity 75%: FEF75, peak expiratory flow: PEF, RV/TLC, FEF/FIF, FEV1/FVC) and arterial blood gases (pH, PaCO2, PaO2, SaO2) pre- and postoperatively which undergo CABG. ⋯ But the RV, RV% and RV/TLC values were not changed significantly. In arterial blood gases values were not significantly changes. To avoid the postoperative complications we suggested that should be done the PFT and arterial blood gases measurement preoperatively.