The journal of allergy and clinical immunology. In practice
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J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract · Sep 2019
ReviewCephalosporin Allergy: Current Understanding and Future Challenges.
Cephalosporins are commonly used antibiotics both in hospitalized patients and in outpatients. Hypersensitivity reactions to cephalosporins are becoming increasingly common with a wide range of immunopathologic mechanisms. Cephalosporins are one of the leading causes for perioperative anaphylaxis and severe cutaneous adverse reactions. ⋯ In vitro tests including basophil activation tests have lower sensitivity when compared with skin testing. Rapid drug desensitization procedures are safe and effective and have been used successfully for immediate and some nonimmediate cephalosporin reactions. Many gaps in knowledge still exist regarding cephalosporin hypersensitivity.
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J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract · Sep 2019
Review Case ReportsIdentification and Management of Perioperative Anaphylaxis.
The authors present a case of a patient with multiple episodes of perioperative anaphylaxis. The incidence and the most common causes of perioperative anaphylaxis are reviewed. ⋯ A systematic strategy to recognize the reaction, identify the culprit, and direct future management are demonstrated. Management of the patient experiencing perioperative anaphylaxis requires close collaboration between the anesthesia, surgical, and allergy teams.
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J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract · Sep 2019
Changes in Emergency Department Concordance with Guidelines for the Management of Food-Induced Anaphylaxis: 1999-2001 versus 2013-2015.
Awareness about food allergy and food-induced anaphylaxis (FIA) has increased dramatically over the past decade. It remains unclear, however, whether concordance with guidelines for FIA management has improved over time. ⋯ Over the nearly 15-year study interval, we observed clinically and statistically significant increases in ED concordance with epinephrine-related guidelines for FIA. Management gaps remain and interventions to standardize care still appear warranted.
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J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract · Sep 2019
Observational StudyInvestigation into the α-Gal Syndrome: Characteristics of 261 Children and Adults Reporting Red Meat Allergy.
Red meat allergy has historically been understood as a rare disease of atopic children, but the discovery of the "α-Gal syndrome," which relates to IgE to the oligosaccharide galactose-α-1,3-galactose (α-Gal), has challenged that notion. ⋯ The α-Gal syndrome is a regionally common form of food allergy that has a characteristic but not universal delay in symptom onset, includes gastrointestinal symptoms, can develop at any time in life, and is equally common in otherwise nonatopic individuals.
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J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract · Sep 2019
Epidemiology of Anaphylaxis in Critically Ill Children in the United States and Canada.
Anaphylaxis is a rapid-onset, multisystem, and potentially fatal hypersensitivity reaction with varied reports of prevalence, incidence, and mortality. There are limited cases reported of severe and/or fatal pediatric anaphylaxis. ⋯ This is the largest study to describe pediatric critical anaphylaxis cases in North America and identifies food as the most common trigger. Death occurs in 1% of cases, with intubation occurring most commonly in the first hour. The risk for intensive care unit admission in children underscores the serious nature of anaphylaxis in this population.