The Journal of infectious diseases
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The etiology of travelers' diarrhea was studied in 579 adult Finnish tourists participating in two packaged tours to Morocco in the winter (n = 233) and fall (n = 346) of 1989. A research team accompanied the travelers, and a laboratory for enteric pathogens was established in Agadir. At least one pathogen was found in 62% of the 60 diarrhea cases in winter and in 58% of the 111 diarrhea cases in fall. ⋯ Salmonella enterica was almost as common as ETEC in fall (25% of diarrhea cases) but rare in winter (10%, P less than .05). Thus, the etiology of travelers' diarrhea varied according to the season in the same tourist destination. This finding has relevance to both antimicrobial treatment and prophylaxis.
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The extent of infection among 722 residents of an enzootic focus of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) virus in rural northern Senegal and putative modes of transmission were studied by a cross-sectional seroprevalence survey done from February through May 1989. Anti-CCHF virus IgG was found in 13.1% of 283 persons who completed a standard questionnaire and provided blood samples. Seropositivity rates were similar between sexes and increased significantly with age among nomadic persons. ⋯ Male risk factors, primarily associated with herding activities, included sleeping outside during seasonal migrations (also a risk factor for nomadic women), bite by a tick (adult male Hyalomma truncatum), tick bite during the cool dry season, and contact with sick animals. Human infection of CCHF occurred more frequently or with less mortality in the region studied than has been found elsewhere in Africa; however, the rate of seroconversion-associated illness is undetermined. Hyalomma ticks appear to be the primary transmission mode.
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Letter Case Reports
Human immunodeficiency virus infection and bacteremic meningococcal pneumonia.