Gigiena i sanitariia
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Gigiena i sanitariia · Jul 2003
[Design of medical facilities for the saving of persons exposed to low temperatures].
The paper describes medical facilities for saving victims of general cooling. Physiological ways of recovery of the thermal status of individuals exposed to general cooling are substantiated. A physiological rationale is presented for the design of engineering aids to prevent overcooling in persons who do their work in cold. The specifications of electric heating cloth used in the design of these medical rescue facilities are characterized.
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Gigiena i sanitariia · Jul 2003
[The assessment of premature death rates in Byelarus due to environmental air pollution].
The attributive death rates due to ambient air pollution were estimated in the urban areas of Byelarus. Estimation used the data of daily atmospheric contamination monitoring made by the Main Hydrometereology Committee of Byelarus in 15 towns from 1990 to 1999. ⋯ In Byelarus, about 7.5 thousand premature deaths or 6% of the total annual death rates may be induced by atmospheric pollution. Possible factors that influence the accuracy of estimates are discussed in the paper.
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Gigiena i sanitariia · Jul 2003
[Hygienic regulation of environmental air pollution with consideration of epidemiological data].
The authors hold that the maximum allowable concentrations (MAC) established in Russia for some ambient air pollutants can adversely affect human health and that they are worthy of reconsideration. This opinion is based on the published results of epidemiological studies of Western investigators and on the authors' own data obtained from the analysis by the time series method for a relationship of daily variations of dust or gaseous ambient air pollution to the so-called acute mortality or for that of the variations to respiratory symptoms and to the values of the maximum expiratory flow rate in preschool with or without respiratory abnormalities in their history; from the cross analysis of an association of the characteristics of atmospheric contamination in 13 urban areas with the prevalence of chronic respiratory diseases in junior schoolchildren, which was established by a special questionnaire. Particular emphasis should be laid on the reconsideration of not only established values, but mainly on the principles in laying down MAC for dust particles. The Western practice in measuring and evaluating risks separately for fractions of particles of varying sizes should be assessed for its use in Russian conditions; however, the authors' experience argues for this practice.