Gigiena i sanitariia
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Gigiena i sanitariia · Jul 2003
[Design of medical facilities for the saving of persons exposed to low temperatures].
The paper describes medical facilities for saving victims of general cooling. Physiological ways of recovery of the thermal status of individuals exposed to general cooling are substantiated. A physiological rationale is presented for the design of engineering aids to prevent overcooling in persons who do their work in cold. The specifications of electric heating cloth used in the design of these medical rescue facilities are characterized.
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Gigiena i sanitariia · Jul 2003
[Development of pre-neurotic disorders in senior school students: hygienic aspects].
The prevalence of preneurotic abnormalies was studied in senior schoolboys from 4 Bryansk regional areas with different levels of radiation contamination. The study is aimed at elucidating the correlation between the rate of development of preneurotic abnormalities and the level of radiation load in the environment. ⋯ There has been no significant relationship of studied psychological parameters to the radiation contamination of an area where the pupils live; however, there is a tendency for deviation from the optimum level of anxiety in senior schoolchildren who reside in radioactively polluted area. While implementing a package of preventive measures, it is necessary to pay a particular attention to the psychological atmosphere in the family of pupils and to the pattern of their learning load.
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Gigiena i sanitariia · Jul 2003
[Hygienic regulation of environmental air pollution with consideration of epidemiological data].
The authors hold that the maximum allowable concentrations (MAC) established in Russia for some ambient air pollutants can adversely affect human health and that they are worthy of reconsideration. This opinion is based on the published results of epidemiological studies of Western investigators and on the authors' own data obtained from the analysis by the time series method for a relationship of daily variations of dust or gaseous ambient air pollution to the so-called acute mortality or for that of the variations to respiratory symptoms and to the values of the maximum expiratory flow rate in preschool with or without respiratory abnormalities in their history; from the cross analysis of an association of the characteristics of atmospheric contamination in 13 urban areas with the prevalence of chronic respiratory diseases in junior schoolchildren, which was established by a special questionnaire. Particular emphasis should be laid on the reconsideration of not only established values, but mainly on the principles in laying down MAC for dust particles. The Western practice in measuring and evaluating risks separately for fractions of particles of varying sizes should be assessed for its use in Russian conditions; however, the authors' experience argues for this practice.
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Gigiena i sanitariia · Jul 2003
[Acute intestinal infections in children in areas with industrial environmental air pollution].
Acute intestinal infections were clinically and epidemiologically studied in children residing in the towns with different quantitative and qualitative composition of ambient air pollutants and in the districts of a town, which differ in the level of technogenic ambient air pollution. Six hundred and eighty patients with different types of shigellosis and 421 patients with salmonellosis admitted to the infection hospitals of the towns of Angarsk (an intensively polluted locality) and Irkutsk (a better ecological area) were examined in 1995 to 2000. The technogenic ambient air pollution was found to exert a noticeable impact on the incidence with S. sonnei dysentery. In poor environmental areas, all the infections under study are characterized by a great burden, duration, more severe clinical symptoms, and poor laboratory changes in the presence of a decreased responsiveness.
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Gigiena i sanitariia · Jul 2003
[Impact of environmental air pollution on dental morbidity in children].
Ambient air pollution was studied for its impact on the prevalence and severity of major dental diseases and on the biological age of pre-school children in ecologically tense and relatively pure regions. The lowest prevalence and severity of caries were registered in a nursery located in a control region. The mean number of permanent teeth was also more in children of the control group. Estimation of the biological age by the dental formula revealed that there were a significantly larger number of accelerated children among those living in the control region.