Gigiena i sanitariia
-
Gigiena i sanitariia · Nov 2007
[Motor transport emission, ambient air quality, and the Moscow population's health].
As of 2006, the city's motor transport fleet amounted to as many as 3 million units that annually consume about 5 million tons of petrol. The use rate of all kinds of vehicles has increased, resulting in the growth of the proportion of ambient air pollutants discharged by motor transport, which surpasses the increase of the absolute size of the fleet. The contribution of traveling sources to ambient air pollution is growing steadily and it has been recently about 90% (1 million tons). ⋯ There is stabilization in morbidity due to respiratory diseases in all population groups. The prevalence of chronic respiratory diseases in children is on the decrease, the increase rate was 1.4% versus 33.5% in the preceding period. Assessment of carcinogenic risk showed that ambient air pollution and drinking water contamination had a negative impact on the Moscow population.
-
Gigiena i sanitariia · Nov 2007
[Buccal epithelial micronuclear test in the comprehensive assessment of children's ecological well-being in Moscow].
In the buccal epithelial micronuclear test, only the higher frequency of cells with any nuclear degenerative changes is considered to be attributable to the adverse influence of environmental factors. Comprehensive examination of 223 children of 5-7 years of age, going to kindergartens and schools has indicated that the frequency of cells with nuclear chromatin condensation and incomplete nuclear lysis decreased when ambient air contamination was increased in the territories of children's establishments and when the child's throat was contaminated with Staphylococcus aureus or the pharyngeal resident microflora inhibited. ⋯ It is suggested that nuclear chromatin condensation and nuclear lysis (rather than other signs of cell degeneration and death) reflect natural cell aging. A moderate toxic effect causes epitheliocytic physiological development retardation and a more intensive effect accelerates aging of cells and induces their death.