Gigiena i sanitariia
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Gigiena i sanitariia · Jan 2007
[Drinking water supply in the Russian Federation: problems and ways of their solution].
Russia having a fifth of the worldwide drinking water resources is faced with considerable difficulties in solving the problems associated with the safe and rational attitude towards water resources, in improving the technologies of drinking water purification and conditioning, in introducing new universal forms of supplying the population with high-quality portable water. Particular emphasis has been recently placed on the setting-up of an effective legal and normative base for the sanitary protection of water sources and the upgrading of the quality of drinking water. Regional (republican, territorial) drinking water supply programs have been worked out up to the period 2010 in 47 subjects of the Russian Federation, with the participation of sanitary-and-epidemiological surveillance systems and approved in accordance with the established procedures. ⋯ Under the established conditions, even in case of the favorable financial position, this cannot be achieved by only engineering decisions (construction and modernization of water-supply networks, use of new equipment and breakthrough technologies). Water service as a type of water consumption is based on the general principles of natural resource management. Its safety should be combined with the strategic objective of water resources utilization and conservation in the catchment basins in the country as a whole.
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Gigiena i sanitariia · Jan 2007
[Morbidity among schoolchildren and vocational college students upon completion of education].
The health status of adolescent schoolchildren and vocational college (VC) students aged 15-18 years was monitored for 3 years. It was found that morbidity rates increased from the 9th to 11th forms in the schoolchildren and from the 1st to 3rd courses in the VC students, pathology and functional disorders most intensively developed in VC girls. ⋯ The specific features of the formation and development of pathological processes were identified in relation to the profile of VC and the influence of professional and occupational factors. The results of the study provide a means of developing differential health-promotion measures for pupils and students with consideration of gender, age, the type of an educational establishment, and the profile of a vocational college.
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Gigiena i sanitariia · Jan 2007
[Manganese provision in trained and untrained schoolchildren and students in different seasons].
Examination of trained (43 skiers) and untrained senior schoolchildren (31 senior schoolchildren), low-order students-skiers (n = 110) and untrained (n = 17) students, high-order students-skiers (n = 39) and students not going in for sports (n = 60) established that in schoolchildren and students of both groups, the content of manganese in the blood plasma and corpuscles in the trained and untrained schoolchildren and students largely depended on the pattern of muscle activity rather than a season. In young skiers and high-order athletes, the level of manganese in both blood fractions was much higher almost at all stages of a follow-up, especially in the periods of increased training and race loads than that in the untrained persons of their age. ⋯ In almost all, manganese balance was negative in both winter and summer. The exception was untrained group of students in whom manganese balance was positive in winter due the higher dietary content of the trace than that in other groups.