Gigiena i sanitariia
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Gigiena i sanitariia · Jul 2009
Comparative Study[Human health risk upon air exposure to chemicals in enclosed spaces and residential areas of an industrial town].
The study determined priority chemicals in the ambient air and air of enclosed spaces of the town's administrative districts, by taking into account the formation of a community health risk. The industrial town's areas were ranked by the hazard of carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic effects caused by the varying intraenvironmental distribution of substances. The distribution of pollutants in the study areas with varying anthropogenic exposures allows one to consider suspended matter, cadmium, nickel, and formaldehyde in the air of residential areas and formaldehyde, phenol, and suspended matter in the air of enclosed spaces as universal markers of exposure for dwelling environmental factors in the identification of toxicants and in the assessment of community health risk within the framework of sociohygienic monitoring and as indicators for the assessment of the immediate and final results of purpose-oriented departmental programs.
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Gigiena i sanitariia · Jul 2009
Comparative Study[Use of a methodology to assess a risk at the stage of substantiating the choice of a ground area for placing industrial enterprises].
Human health risk was screened at the stage of supporting the choice of a building site for a petroleum refinery. Based on the calculated exposure levels, the risk to the Buguruslan population was characterized under different conditions: without consideration for the impact of the projected enterprise; with consideration for the pollutants contained in the emissions of the projected enterprise; at the border of an apartment block and at that of an estimated control area in five receptor points. The assessment of a human risk has revealed that the industrial enterprise cannot be sited on this territory and the estimated control area is inadequate due to the high carcinogenic and toxic risk from the formed emission of the projected enterprise.
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Gigiena i sanitariia · Jul 2009
Comparative Study[Current approaches to making an integral prenosological assessment of the health status of children and adolescents].
The development of methods for evaluating the body's condition upon exposure to different environmental factors is currently a topical problem of hygienic science. The quantitative characteristics of the body's adaptive and reserve capacities are gaining in more and more importance. In this connection, a total of 2560 children aged 8-10 years were examined. An integral assessment enables identification of 4 types of adaptive and functional capacities in children.
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Gigiena i sanitariia · Jul 2009
[Hygienic evaluation of soil pollution in a South Ural agroindustrial region].
The results of soil monitoring the Orenburg Region (from 2003 to 2007) were comparatively analyzed. The structure of soil pollution with gross (vanadium, lead, nickel, chromium, cobalt, manganese, copper, zinc, tin, titanium, boron, molybdenum) and mobile (cobalt, manganese, copper, zinc, chromium, nickel) compounds was revealed. The Orenburg Region's soils experience an anthropogenic load, as evidenced by a two-fold soil clarke excess as described by A. ⋯ The highest soil pollution has been established in the eastern region that is most industrially developed. The presumable associations with possible pollution sources are outlined. Correlation analysis has revealed the inter-environmental distribution of trace elements in foodstuffs and the population's biological media.
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Gigiena i sanitariia · Jul 2009
Review[Assessment of the contribution of environmental factors to the formation of the demographic situation at the regional level].
The most informative priority environmental, social, and economic factors reflecting with the highest significance demographic processes in the urbanized and rural areas have been substantiated from the results of analyzing the data of the Regional Information Fund of sociohygienic monitoring by multivariate (correlation, factor, and regression) analysis methods. Models were obtained, which were used to define quantitative correlations between the demographic indices and the environmental-socioeconomic ones and to identify priority criteria for urbanized and rural areas while predicting their development and taking a managerial decision.