Journal of clinical and diagnostic research : JCDR
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Pre and post-fixed variations at roots of the brachial plexus have been well documented, however little is known about the variations that exist in the branches which arise from the brachial plexus. In this paper, we describe about one such rare variation related to the dorsal scapular and the long thoracic nerve, which are the branches arising from the roots of the brachial plexus. The variation was found during routine dissection. ⋯ Furthermore along with variations in origin of the dorsal scapular and long thoracic nerves, the brachial plexus was seen to exist as a prefixed plexus receiving a contribution from C4 nerve root. An aberrant communicating branch between the dorsal scapular and long thoracic nerve was also identified. Knowledge about the course and anatomy of such variations can be vital for understanding the aetiology of various conditions such as winging of scapula, interscapular pain, administration of cervical nerve blocks, surgeries and for effective management of regions and muscles supplied by dorsal scapular and long thoracic nerve.
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Ebola virus disease (EVD) described as "one of the world's most virulent diseases" by WHO was popularly known as Ebola haemorrhagic fever in the past. It is usually considered a severe and deadly illness when humans are concerned. EVD outbreaks have shown to have a very high fatality rate ranging from 50 - 90% with a reported occurrence primarily seen near the tropical rainforests of remote villages in Central and West Africa. ⋯ Also, no vaccine for use in humans is yet approved by the regulatory bodies. If Ebola was actually misused as a biological weapon, it could be a serious threat. Idea behind this article is to briefly review the history and present recent updates on Ebola virus, its pathogenesis and possible hopes for treatment.
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Hospitalization of traumatic patients in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) and their critical condition can cause haemodynamic instabilities and deterioration in the level of consciousness. The study aimed to investigate the effect of whole body massage on the vital signs, Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) scores and arterial blood gases (ABG) in trauma ICU patients. ⋯ With respect to this study, massage therapy is a safe and effective treatment in intensive care units to reduce patient's physical and psychological problems. Therefore the use of massage therapy is recommended to clinical practice as a routine method.
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Nasal cavity and Paranasal sinus malignancies are very rare, in which maxillary sinus is the commonest, followed by ethmoid, frontal and sphenoid sinus. Computed Tomography (CT) & Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) play a key role in diagnosis, staging and management of paranasal sinuses and nasal pathologies. Multiplanar imaging in CT helps better imaging of critical anatomical areas. Aim of our study was to study the incidence, clinical features, CT features and its importance in the management of sinonasal neoplasms. ⋯ Contrast enhanced computed tomography with multiplanar reconstruction is an excellent modality for imaging sinonasal masses. CT can define the character of the sinonasal mass, thus differentiating benign from malignant. CT helps better imaging of critical anatomical areas and helpful in planning treatment procedures such as surgery and radiotherapy.
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The effectiveness of fluid preloading is in doubt, so co-loading has been attempted to reduce the incidence of spinal anaesthesia induced hypotension in caesarean patients. ⋯ Colloid preloading and co-loading are equally effective and both are superior to crystalloid preloading for prevention of maternal hypotension in caesarean section patients.