Journal of clinical and diagnostic research : JCDR
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The use of regional anaesthesia as an effective alternative to general anaesthesia in thyroid surgeries is now being accepted in many parts of the world. In this day of computers and technology, there is an increased awareness among the people of the available options of anaesthesia and the adverse effects of general anaesthesia. They thus have an inclination to avoid general anaesthesia wherever feasible. This study dwells on the use of regional anaesthesia as an alternative tool that can be offered to the patients undergoing thyroidectomy. ⋯ In our present study, regional anaesthesia (Cervical epidural anaesthesia and Cervical plexus block) has been used safely and effectively in 29 thyroid surgeries. We conclude that although regional anaesthesia has been reserved for high risk thyroidectomies it may be offered as effective alternative to general anaesthesia even in routine thyroid surgeries.
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Telogen effluvium was first described by Kligman in 1961. It is a most common cause of diffuse hair loss. Women with telogen effluvium more frequently present to dermatologist. ⋯ Diffuse shedding of telogen hair are seen after 3-4 months of triggering event. The observation of increased telogen hair shedding does not infer a cause. Establishing aetiology of telogen effluvium requires elicitation of relevant history and appropriate laboratory investigations to exclude endocrine, nutritional and autoimmune disorders.
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Continuous epidural infusion of Bupivacaine and Ropivacaine with or without the addition of Fentanyl has been evaluated by various researchers for effective postoperative pain relief. Studies however, depict significant variability in their results with regard to analgesic efficacy and adverse effects like hypotension, motor blockade etc. ⋯ It can be concluded that epidural analgesia using Ropivacaine 0.2% infusion is more effective than other study groups when used for postoperative pain relief in lower limb surgeries.
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Follicular bronchiolitis (FB) also known as hyperplasia of the bronchial associated lymphoid tissue (BALT), or bronchiolar nodular lymphoid hyperplasia, is an entity characterized by the development of lymphoid follicles with germinal centers in the walls of small airways. FB is thought to be caused by antigenic stimulation of BALT, followed by a polyclonal lymphoid hyperplasia. ⋯ FB is a pathological diagnosis that can be seen in several clinical settings, including connective tissue diseases, immunodeficiency states, autoimmune diseases, infections, obstructive airway diseases, as well as several types of interstitial lung diseases (ILDs). Its characteristics need to be carefully identified and differentiated from other closely related diseases in the group of LPDs due to significant differences in treatment and prognosis.
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Response to experimental pain depends on the nature of the pain stimulus, as well as on gender, racial, cultural and socioeconomic factors. This study investigates the effect of age on pain sensitivity and cardiovascular reactivity produced by experimental pain. We have also compared the values of body mass index (BMI) and resting blood pressure of volunteers with the normal values. ⋯ The high numbers of volunteers with abnormal basal parameters (BMI and resting blood pressure) show an urgent need to educate the general public about the dangers and risk factors of obesity and hypertension. Less exposure of children to painful encounters may be responsible for their high pain sensitivity while higher values of resting blood pressure and decreased sensitivity of the sensory systems with advancing age may be responsible for the hypoalgesia observed in old adults.