Journal of clinical and diagnostic research : JCDR
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Fracture of the distal end of radius represents the most common fracture of the upper extremity accounting for 16-20% of all fractures. Plating is now emerging as the gold standard for management of distal radius fractures due to increased rate of complications such as malunion, subluxation/dislocation of distal radio-ulnar joint or late collapse of fracture. Procedures such as closed reduction and cast immobilization, ligamentotaxis with external fixator and percutaneous pin fixation are no longer acceptable. ⋯ The volar locking plate fixation helps in early mobilization of the wrist, restores anatomy, allows early return to function, prevents secondary loss of reduction and hence is an effective treatment for unstable fractures of the distal radius.
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Low Cardiac Output Syndrome (LCOS) following Cardiopulmonary Bypass (CPB) is common and associated with increased mortality. Maintenance of adequate cardiac output is one of the primary objectives in management of such patients. ⋯ Levosimendan is equally effective to Dobutamine and better than Milrinone for the treatment of LCOS following CPB in patients undergoing valve replacement surgeries.
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Sensory blockade of the brachial plexus with local anaesthetics for perioperative analgesia leads to stable haemodynamics intraoperatively, smoother emergence from general anaesthesia and decreased need for supplemental analgesics or suppositories in the Post-operative period. However, increasing the duration of local anaesthetic action is often desirable because it prolongs surgical anaesthesia and analgesia. Various studies in adults prove that steroids increase the duration of action of local anaesthetics when used as adjuncts. ⋯ Dexamethasone as an adjuvant to local anaesthetic in brachial plexus blocks significantly, prolongs duration of analgesia in children undergoing upper limb surgeries.
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Calcaneal fractures constitute the most common fractures in hindfoot. Lots of controversies exist in the management of calcaneal fractures but now-a-days, it is preferable to perform open reduction and internal fixation and early mobilizatation. ⋯ Open reduction and internal fixation of intra-articular fractures of the calcaneum with locking calcaneal plate gives good results. Maintenance of calcaneal height and Bohler's angle helps to decrease the incidence of subtalar arthritis.
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Case Reports
Early Post-Operative Coronary Thrombosis Following Repair of a Proximal Coronary Artery Fistula.
Patients with aneurysmal coronary artery fistulas are often a treatment challenge. We hereby, report a case of aneurysmal left main coronary artery to coronary sinus fistula repair, complicated by an early post-operative thrombosis of the left main coronary artery, necessitating an orthotropic heart transplant. Routine use of peri-procedural and long-term anti-coagulation is usually not a standard recommendation in these cases; however, early institution of the same may prevent flow stasis, thrombus formation and unfavourable outcomes pre- or post-operatively.