Frontiers in psychology
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Frontiers in psychology · Jan 2018
A Randomized Controlled Trial Comparing the Attention Training Technique and Mindful Self-Compassion for Students With Symptoms of Depression and Anxiety.
The Attention Training Technique (ATT) and Mindful Self-Compassion (MSC) are two promising psychological interventions. ATT is a 12-min auditory exercise designed to strengthen attentional control and promote external focus of attention, while MSC uses guided meditation and exercises designed to promote self-compassion. In this randomized controlled trial (RCT), a three-session intervention trial was conducted in which university students were randomly assigned to either an ATT-group (n = 40) or a MSC-group (n = 41). ⋯ The study supports the use of both ATT and MSC for students with symptoms of depression and anxiety. Further, it suggests that symptom improvement is related to changes in attention flexibility across both theoretical frameworks. Future studies should focus on how to strengthen the ability for attention flexibility to optimize treatment for emotional disorder.
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Frontiers in psychology · Jan 2018
A Warrior Society: Data From 30 Countries Show That Belief in a Zero-Sum Game Is Related to Military Expenditure and Low Civil Liberties.
The aim of this paper was to investigate the relationship between a perceived antagonistic view of social relations (as a struggle for limited resources), measured by the Belief in a Zero-Sum Game (BZSG) Scale, national military expenditure, and civil liberties. We used multi-level modeling to analyze data on 5,520 participants from 30 countries, testing the hypothesis that a country's level of militarization and civil liberties would be associated with its people's belief in a zero-sum game. ⋯ The use of multi-level modeling to account for within- and across-country variation is a main contribution of the study. In conclusion, the reported triad of individual beliefs, military expenditure, and civil liberties seems to be beneficial in linking individual-level data with national-level indices that have major importance for the wellbeing of the world.
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Frontiers in psychology · Jan 2018
Evaluation of Analysis Approaches for Latent Class Analysis with Auxiliary Linear Growth Model.
This study investigated the performance of three selected approaches to estimating a two-phase mixture model, where the first phase was a two-class latent class analysis model and the second phase was a linear growth model with four time points. The three evaluated methods were (a) one-step approach, (b) three-step approach, and (c) case-weight approach. As a result, some important results were demonstrated. ⋯ For example, the case-weight approach produced constantly lower empirical standard errors. However, the estimated standard errors were substantially underestimated by the case-weight and three-step approaches when class separation was low. Also, bias was substantially higher for the case-weight approach than the other two approaches.
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Frontiers in psychology · Jan 2018
Leading With Callings: Effects of Leader's Calling on Followers' Team Commitment, Voice Behavior, and Job Performance.
Viewing work as a calling has been considered to be beneficial to individuals and organizations. However, research to date has largely focused on the effects of individuals' own callings on themselves, leaving the effects of one's calling on others unexplored. Based on research that demonstrates prevalent effects of callings and leader's influences on followers at work, we assumed that leader calling might have positive effects on followers' outcomes. ⋯ The effects of leader's calling on follower commitment and voice behavior were partly accounted for by follower perceptions of transformational leadership. However, a mediating role of transformational leadership on the link between leader's calling and job performance was not supported. The implications of these findings are discussed.
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Frontiers in psychology · Jan 2018
Feedback-Related Electroencephalogram Oscillations of Athletes With High and Low Sports Anxiety.
We investigated the relationship between performance-related anxiety and the neural response to error feedback that was delivered during the execution of a time estimation task. Using the Sport Anxiety Scale (SAS-2), we selected university athletes high and low in sports anxiety. Participants executed a time estimation task where they were instructed to estimate 1 s by pressing a button after a sound cue. ⋯ The delta component was overall larger for correct than incorrect feedback. Further, athletes high in sports anxiety exhibited a larger delta component (1.5-3.5 Hz) for correct feedback in the evaluation condition than in the no-evaluation condition. Our results suggest that evaluation by others may increase the delta oscillation associated with correct feedback processing - especially among athletes high in sports anxiety.