Perceptual and motor skills
-
A comparative analysis was conducted of five different methods for scoring the Rod-and-Frame Test to examine the convergent validities of each of the five methods with performance on the Embedded Figures Test for a sample of 408 13- to 16-yr.-olds. The scoring methods included the absolute error, the algebraic error, the absolute value of the algebraic error, the frame effect, and an assessment of relative field dependence. Correlations obtained among the five methods and the Embedded Figures Test indicated different patterns for boys and girls. In general, the method which employed the absolute value of the algebraic error yielded the strongest convergent validity coefficients with scores on the Embedded Figures Test and Group Embedded Figures Test for boys (.62 and -.54, respectively), although, for girls, the absolute algebraic error and absolute error both yielded coefficients of .50 with Embedded Figures Test scores and -.46 with Group Embedded Figures Test scores.
-
67 college students holding three different levels of certification in CPR estimated the survival rates of people given this procedure. Students not certified in CPR estimated the survival rate to be 51.2%, those previously certified estimated 43.8%, and those currently certified estimated 27.0%. Although knowledge of CPR was associated with greater accuracy, all three groups significantly overestimated the actual survival rate of 10%.
-
Given participation in a 6-mo. exercise and relaxation training 8 obese women showed significant change in scores on the Beck Depression Inventory over the 6-mo. interval, but not on Body Mass Index or Medical Outcome Study Short-Form-36.
-
40 subjects were given the Cold Pressor Test. There were large individual differences in the time subjects were willing to keep their hands immersed in the cold water. Predictors indicated for these differences were sex, emotional stability, and facial activity during the test. Emotional stability was measured by means of questionnaire scales and facial activity by ratings on the basis of videotapes.
-
The purpose of this study was to investigate how goal orientation (task and ego) and perceived motivational climate (mastery and performance) related to intrinsic motivation, self-esteem, adherence, and evaluated skill within Korean physical education contexts, 218 men attending physical education classes completed the Korean versions of the Perception of Success Questionnaire and the Perceived Motivational Climate in Sport Questionnaire, including a battery of motivational and behavioral assessments. Confirmatory factor analyses suggested that over-all fit for the modified versions of the questionnaires were reasonably acceptable. The results of canonical correlation analyses indicated that the task goal orientation was positively associated with intrinsic motivation and self-esteem, while the climate of perceived mastery was positively related to intrinsic motivation, adherence, and evaluated skill. These results were discussed within the frame of goal perspective theory in physical education contexts.