Perceptual and motor skills
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Active tactile recognition memory for common objects is compared with passive touch. The recognition memory test occure after a delay between inspection and test of seven days. ⋯ Object manipulation had a significant effect and the group means were all significantly different (p less than or equal to .05), with the largest performance decrement due to passive touch at encoding. Generally, the findings implicated the importance of object identity in tactile recognition memory which, in turn, is supportive of the depth-of-processing approach to memory.
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The effects of empathy, gender, and training on the ability to identify 4 infant cry-signals (birth, hunger, pain, and pleasure) were studied in 89 college students (ages 18 to 30 yr.), all of whom were low in experience as caregivers to infants. Subjects with training scored significantly higher than those without in identifying all but the pleasure cry-signal. ⋯ Brief training may make the crucial difference in the development of this ability. Implications for parenting and infant care are discussed.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical Trial
An evaluation of rational-emotive imagery as a component of rational-emotive therapy in the treatment of test anxiety.
This study evaluated the efficacy of rational-emotive imagery as a component of rational-emotive therapy in reduction of college students' test anxiety. 11 volunteers met for 6 1-hr. group treatment sessions over a 3-wk. period. After 2 initial treatment sessions subjects were randomly assigned to groups given either rational-emotive therapy with rational-emotive imagery or rational-emotive therapy without imagery. ⋯ Combined groups reported significant improvement on all dependent measures. Although the study did not yield the predicted benefits of the imagery, results lend further support to the efficacy of rational-emotive therapy procedures in the reduction of test anxiety.
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This study tested the hypothesis that left-handed individuals are more aware than right-handed individuals of others' handedness. 18 left-handed and 18 right-handed college students were shown a drawing of 8 children at a party. Seven children held objects in the left hand, while one held an object in the right hand. ⋯ Compared with right-handed subjects, left-handed subjects reported significantly more children holding something in the left hand and significantly fewer holding something in the right hand. The two groups did not differ on any other questions.
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Two experiments are reported in which subjects viewed films and were interrogated with questions employing the definite or the indefinite article. A significant interaction existed betweed a witness's level of neuroticism and question wording. There were also significant correlations between Neuroticism and errors resulting from questions containing the indefinite article.