Thorax
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Multicenter Study
Development of a prognostic index for 90-day mortality in patients discharged after admission to hospital for community-acquired pneumonia.
Although patients admitted to hospital for community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) experience substantial short-term mortality following hospital discharge, few studies have focused on identifying factors that predict mortality after admission to hospital in this population. The objective of this study was to develop and validate a prognostic index for 90-day mortality after hospital discharge among patients with CAP. ⋯ The prognostic index accurately stratifies patients admitted to hospital for CAP into low-, intermediate- and high-risk groups for 90-day mortality on discharge. The use of this index could help clinicians improve outcomes in this vulnerable population by targeting specific interventions to each group.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Effect of CT screening on smoking habits at 1-year follow-up in the Danish Lung Cancer Screening Trial (DLCST).
The effect of low-dose CT screening for lung cancer on smoking habits has not been reported in large randomised controlled trials. ⋯ Overall, quit rates were similar in the CT and control group at 1-year follow-up, with a net quit rate of 6.0%. Quit rates were higher and relapse rate lower among subjects with initial CT findings that necessitated a repeat scan 3 months later.
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Studies of the relation between maternal diet in pregnancy and respiratory and atopic outcomes in the offspring have focused on the effects of individual nutrients and foods rather than dietary patterns. A study was undertaken to determine whether dietary patterns in pregnancy are related to childhood asthma and related outcomes. ⋯ In this cohort, dietary patterns in pregnancy did not predict asthma and related outcomes in the offspring after controlling for confounders.
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Quadriceps weakness and loss of muscle mass predict mortality in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). It was hypothesised that a reduced quadriceps cross-sectional area could be detected by ultrasound in patients with COPD compared with healthy subjects, and that measurements relate to strength and fat-free mass (FFM). ⋯ Ultrasound measurement of RF(CSA) is an effort-independent and radiation-free method of measuring quadriceps muscle cross-sectional area in patients with COPD that relates to strength.