Thorax
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This study was carried out to establish a reliable bank of information on the spectral characteristics of chest wall breath sounds from healthy men and women, both non-smokers and smokers. ⋯ These data define the boundaries of normal chest wall breath sounds and may be used as reference for comparison with abnormal sounds.
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A case is described of fulminant community-acquired pneumococcal pneumonia in a 16 year old girl with no previous history of respiratory disease or any predisposing factors. She required extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) until the diagnosis could be made and appropriate antibiotic therapy established.
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Ultrasound guided transthoracic needle aspiration biopsy has recently been used to obtain specimens for histological diagnosis of pulmonary and mediastinal tumours. Conventional real time, grey scale puncture guiding devices cannot differentiate vascular structures, and clear visualisation of the needle shaft or tip within a desired target is not always possible. This study describes a new built-in colour Doppler ultrasound puncture guiding device and assesses the relative safety of transthoracic needle aspiration biopsy of thoracic tumours by grey scale or colour Doppler ultrasound guidance. ⋯ By using the colour Doppler ultrasound puncture device, vascular structures surrounding or within the target tumour can be verified. Visualisation of the needle shaft or tip is also better. Biopsy routes can be selected to avoid puncturing vessels. This approach should be particularly helpful for guiding biopsies of mediastinal tumours, where puncturing the heart or great vessels is a potential complication.
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Comparative Study
Evaluation of the effectiveness of four different inhalers in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
The percentage of patients inhaling their medication effectively varies widely, according to methods of assessment and inhalers used. This study was carried out to assess differences among four types of inhalers using inhaler-specific checklists. ⋯ Many patients with COPD use their inhaler ineffectively. After adjusting for patient characteristics, differences among inhalers, although less pronounced, persist. Patients using a Diskhaler made fewest errors, while most patients using MDIs made crucial mistakes.