Transfusion
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Tranexamic acid (TXA) is an antifibrinolytic that reduces blood loss and transfusion rates in total joint arthroplasty. Blood loss and allogenic transfusion rates have not been well studied in patients receiving TXA and undergoing bilateral staged total knee arthroplasty (TKA). The purpose was to evaluate the effect of TXA on blood loss, hemoglobin (Hb) changes, and transfusion in patients undergoing staged bilateral TKA. ⋯ TXA reduces blood loss, improves postoperative Hb, and decreases the allogenic blood transfusion requirements for patients undergoing bilateral staged TKA. TXA is an option for patients choosing bilateral staged TKA to decrease the risks associated with blood transfusion or when autologous blood is not available.
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Patterns of red blood cell (RBC) transfusion are less well understood for children than adults. This study was undertaken to document current pediatric practice, to identify specific areas for improving patient care and safety. ⋯ This study of UK pediatric RBC transfusion practice has demonstrated significant variation in pretransfusion Hb, frequent prescribing in units rather than milliliters, and a high proportion of single transfusions during admissions. Future education and research should target transfusion triggers and prescription volumes for children in all clinical areas.
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There is scope to further improve the safety of transfusion practice within the United Kingdom. This study aims to identify the current role of junior doctors in the transfusion process and to assess their competency to appropriately prescribe blood and blood products to patients. ⋯ Junior doctors are involved in sampling, prescribing, consenting, and documenting transfusion practice frequently enough to maintain competency. They are rarely involved in the collection, bedside checking, or administration of blood despite current curriculum requirements. There is scope to significantly improve both the training and the assessment of transfusion competency in doctors.
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This report provides a comprehensive analysis of transfusion errors occurring at a large teaching hospital and aims to determine key errors that are threatening transfusion safety, despite implementation of safety measures. ⋯ Errors occurred at every point in the transfusion process, with the greatest potential risk of patient harm resulting from inappropriate ordering of blood products and errors in sample labeling.
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Dilutional coagulopathy can be reversed with fibrinogen concentrate. Effects of different fibrinogen dosages on clot function are not defined; high doses may increase the risk of thromboemboembolism. This study investigated the effect of six fibrinogen dosages on coagulation profile and blood loss in coagulopathic pigs. ⋯ Blood loss was significantly decreased with increased fibrinogen dosages: 42 ± 19 (sham), 34 ± 14 (75 mg/kg), 29 ± 13 (150 mg/kg), 28 ± 10 ml/kgbw (600 mg/kg). Fibrinogen (150-600 mg/kg) normalized clot firmness and decreased blood loss. No signs of hypercoagulability or thromboembolism were detected after high dosages.