Urologia internationalis
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Urologia internationalis · Jan 2003
Sperm retrieval procedures and intracytoplasmatic spermatozoa injection with epididymal and testicular sperms.
Male infertility caused by azoospermia due to non-reconstructable obstruction or non-obstructive azoospermia can be treated by microsurgical epididymal aspiration (MESA) or testicular sperm extraction (TESE) followed by an intracytoplasmatic spermatozoa injection (ICSI). ⋯ The underlying cause of azoospermia is the most important factor for the outcome of ICSI using epididymal and testicular sperms. In cases of non-obstructive azoospermia, the pregnancy rate is low compared with the results in cases of obstructive azoospermia. There is no difference between fresh and cryopreserved sperms. TESE with ICSI is the most efficient treatment of azoospermia caused by hypergonadotropic hypogonadism. The morbidity of the TESE procedure is highly relevant and must be considered if this technique is indicated.