The Yale journal of biology and medicine
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Algorithms for preoperative cardiac evaluation prior to noncardiac surgery use indices of the metabolic equivalent of activities of daily living (METs). We evaluated METs as a predictor of cardiac complications following elective, noncardiac surgery. ⋯ METs are not a reliable index for the prediction of adverse cardiac events following elective, noncardiac surgery. Age and physical status are more predictive. Adverse cardiac outcomes are most frequent following vascular surgery.
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Biography Historical Article Classical Article
Prefrontal lobes and social development. 1950.
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The increased number of vaginal yeast infections in the past few years has been a disturbing trend, and the scientific community has been searching for its etiology. Several theories have been put forth to explain the apparent increase. First, the recent widespread availability of low-dosage, azole-based over-the-counter antifungal medications for vaginal yeast infections encourages women to self-diagnose and treat, and women may be misdiagnosing themselves. ⋯ Second, medical technology has increased the life span of seriously immune compromised individuals, yet these individuals are frequently plagued by opportunistic fungal infections. Long-term and intense azole-based antifungal treatment has been linked to an increase in resistant Candida and non-Candida species. Thus, the future of limiting antifungal resistance lies in identifying the factors promoting resistance and implementing policies to prevent it.
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We examine the use of information theory applied to a single cardiac troponin T (cTnT) (first generation monoclonal; Boehringer Mannheim Corp., Indianapolis, Indiana) used with the character of chest pain, electrocardiography (ECG) and serial ECG changes in the evaluation of acute myocardial infarction (AMI). We combined a single measure of cTnT (blinded to the investigators) with a creatine kinase MB isoenzyme (CK-MB) measurement to discover the best decision value for this test in a study of 293 consecutive patients presenting to the emergency department with symptoms warranting exclusion of AMI. ⋯ Information theory provides a strong framework and methodology for determining the decision value for cTnT which minimizes misclassification errors at 0.1 ng/ml. The result has a strong correlation with other features in detecting AMI in patients presenting with chest pain.
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We have previously reported a standardized 10-step sequence of monoplane (transverse plane) transesophageal two-dimensional echocardiographic views and a standardized 7-step vertical plane examination, both suitable for expeditious intraoperative use by the beginning practitioner. A multiplane transesophageal examination involves transverse plane views, vertical plane views and the remaining "in-between" oblique plane views. ⋯ Each of these steps is illustrated with a two-dimensional echocardiographic image, a matching diagram and a schematic representation of the corresponding axis of interrogation. This description of oblique plane imaging, therefore, completes the components of a multiplane transesophageal examination.