Hospital pediatrics
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Hospital pediatrics · May 2014
Meta AnalysisIs dexamethasone an effective alternative to oral prednisone in the treatment of pediatric asthma exacerbations?
A short course of systemic corticosteroids is an important therapy in the treatment of pediatric asthma exacerbations. Although a 5-day course of oral prednisone or prednisolone has become the most commonly used regimen, dexamethasone has also been used for a shorter duration (1-2 days) with potential for improvement in compliance and palatability. We reviewed the literature to determine if there is sufficient evidence that dexamethasone can be used as an effective alternative in the treatment of pediatric asthma exacerbations in the inpatient setting. ⋯ The current literature suggests that dexamethasone can be used as an effective alternative to prednisone in the treatment of mild to moderate acute asthma exacerbations in children, with the added benefits of improved compliance, palatability, and cost. However, more research is needed to examine the role of dexamethasone in hospitalized children.
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Hospital pediatrics · May 2014
Administrative data misclassifies and fails to identify nephrotoxin-associated acute kidney injury in hospitalized children.
Nephrotoxin exposure is a common cause of acute kidney injury (AKI) in hospitalized children. AKI detection relies on regular serum creatinine (SCr) screening among exposed patients. We sought to determine how well administrative data identify hospitalized noncritically ill children with nephrotoxic medication-associated AKI in the contexts of incomplete and complete screening. ⋯ pRIFLE criteria identified more patients than were identified by discharge code. Identifying patients with nephrotoxin-associated AKI by discharge code, even in the presence of complete AKI detection, underrepresents the true incidence of nephrotoxin-associated AKI in hospitalized children.
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Hospital pediatrics · May 2014
Characteristics and outcomes of pediatric rapid response teams before and after mandatory triggering by an elevated Pediatric Early Warning System (PEWS) score.
The Pediatric Early Warning System (PEWS) was created to identify unstable patients before their deterioration. Rapid response teams (RRTs) were developed to assist with management of such patients. In 2009, our institution mandated the activation of RRTs if a PEWS score was elevated (ie, ≥5). ⋯ A hospital policy of mandating RRT activation based on PEWS scores increased nighttime calls and altered the primary reasons for RRT activation in our center, with no evidence of improvements in patient care. These findings should be interpreted with caution given the relatively rare outcomes the policy is intended to prevent; however, our findings highlight the difficulties inherent in evaluating methods to improve pediatric patient safety.
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Psychiatric disorders account for an increasing number of pediatric hospitalizations. Due to lack of psychiatric beds, patients on involuntary psychiatric holds may be admitted to medical units. Our objectives were to evaluate the rate of admission of psychiatric patients to a medical unit, psychiatric care provided, and estimated cost of care. ⋯ We found high admission rates of patients on involuntary psychiatric holds to a pediatric medical unit with little psychiatric treatment in 1 hospital. Further research in other centers is required to determine the extent of the issue. Future studies of longer term outcomes (including readmission rates and assessments of functioning) are needed.
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Hospital pediatrics · May 2014
Multicenter StudyClinical and laboratory characteristics of disseminated herpes simplex virus infection in neonates.
Disseminated herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection is the most fulminant type of neonatal HSV infection and has the highest mortality. Early diagnosis and treatment are essential for patient survival. We describe the clinical presentation, laboratory characteristics, and outcomes of neonates with disseminated HSV infection at our institution. ⋯ Disseminated HSV infection in neonates can be challenging to diagnose and is associated with high mortality. Clinicians must strongly consider this diagnosis, test the blood for HSV polymerase chain reaction, and initiate early treatment in the appropriate clinical scenarios.