Rinshō shinkeigaku = Clinical neurology
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Most scalp neuralgias are supraorbital or occipital. Although they have been considered idiopathic, recent studies revealed that some were attributable to mechanical irritation with the peripheral nerve of the scalp by superficial anatomical cranial structures. ⋯ Decompression surgery to address these neuralgias has been reported. As headache after craniotomy is the result of iatrogenic injury to the peripheral nerve of the scalp, post-craniotomy headache should be considered as a differential diagnosis.
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To elucidate molecular bases of multiple system atrophy (MSA), we first focused on recently identified MSA multiplex families. Though linkage analyses followed by whole genome resequencing, we have identified a causative gene, COQ2, for MSA. ⋯ COQ2 encodes an enzyme in the biosynthetic pathway of coenzyme Q10. Decreased synthesis of coenzyme Q10 is considered to be involved in the pathogenesis of MSA through decreased electron transport in mitochondria and increased vulnerability to oxidative stress.
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Review
[Cortical spreading depression and pain: a missing link in the pathophysiology of migraine?].
It is generally believed that cortical spreading depression (CSD) demonstrated by Leao underlie migraine aura and migraine headache depends on the activation of the trigeminovascular pain pathway proposed by Moskowitz. The onset of migraine attack and the association between CSD and the trigeminovascular pain pathway have remained largely unknown. ⋯ It is considered that the pain in migraineur is affected by hereditary factors, internal factors such as female sex hormone, and external factors as medication, meal, weather, stress, etc. We review here the current understanding of the migraine pathophysiology, focusing on recent advance regarding cortical spreading depression and pain.
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A 60-year-old man was admitted to our hospital complaining of fever, headache and vertigo. Neurological examination on admission showed mild ataxic gait. Brain magnetic resonance imaging showed linear high intensity in the left parietal lobe on diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and laboratory data revealed elevated serum lactate dehydrogenase and soluble interleukin-2 receptor. ⋯ A systemic evaluation showed multiple low-density lesions in the bilateral kidneys on computed tomography. Based on the results of a renal biopsy, we made a histological diagnosis of intravascular large B-cell lymphoma (IVLBCL). As IVLBCL is quite rare and often has a poor prognosis, a systemic evaluation to determine the proper biopsy site is needed for early diagnosis.
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A 62-year-old man complained of resting tremor and posture tremor. In spite of presence of the tremor, other parkinsonian component was very mild. [(11)C]2β-carbomethoxy-3β-(4-fluorophenyl)-tropane ([(11)C]CFT) PET showed asymmetrical reduction of the uptake and [(11)C]raclopride PET showed slightly increased uptake in the striatum. Although he was diagnosed as having benign tremulous parkinsonism (BTP), anti-parkinsonian medications, including anti-cholinergic agent, dopamine agonist and l-dopa, were not effective for his tremor. ⋯ Because his quality of life (QOL) was disturbed by the troublesome tremor, deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus (STN-DBS) was performed. After STN-DBS, his tremor was dramatically improved. According to clinical course of our patient as well as previous reports, STN-DBS should be considered as a therapeutic option for BTP patients with severe tremor.