Rinshō shinkeigaku = Clinical neurology
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Review Case Reports
[A case of dural arteriovenous fistula at the craniocervical junction, which spinal MRI findings reveals increased intensity signal in Th3-medullary cone].
A 60-year-old woman had transient weakness of the legs and urinary retention for six weeks. She presented with a gait disorder and was admitted to the hospital. She showed symptoms of paraplegia, tingling in the lower extremities, dysuria. ⋯ Cervical and spinal angiography documented a dural arteriovenous fistula at the craniocervical junction that was fed by the right vertebral artery and the right ascending pharyngeal arteries and drained into the perimedullary veins. Surgical therapy improved her symptoms and MRI images. Craniocervical junction DAVF with thoracic-medullary cones lesion is rare.
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Review Case Reports
[A case of rhabdomyolysis after status epilepticus without stroke-like episodes in mitochondrial myopathy, encephalopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episodes].
A 24-year-old man was referred to our hospital emergency department due to a sudden onset of convulsions after drinking. On arrival he presented status epilepticus and was managed by artificial ventilation. He had no brainstem signs or meningeal irritation. ⋯ We suspected a mitochondrial disease because of a significant increase in the lactate/pyruvate ratio (24.1) in the spinal fluid, and identified A3243G mutations in mitochondrial DNA (heteroplasmy 20%) in peripheral white blood cells. We diagnosed his illness as mitochondrial myopathy, encephalopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episodes (MELAS). This is a rare case presenting an acute onset of rhabdomyolysis following alcohol intake related to A3243G mitochondrial mutation without preceding stroke-like episodes.
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A 56-year-old man suffered from diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) originated from the stomach. He received R-CHOP therapy, and had a complete remission. However, at age 57, he experienced left shoulder pain and weakness of left arm, and his muscle weakness and sensory disturbance subacutely progressed to other limbs. ⋯ A diagnosis of recurrent DLBCL presenting neurolymphomatosis could be established by repeated cytology of cerebrospinal fluid. He received high dose methotrexate therapy, but his symptoms were worsened to tetraplegia. It should be noticed that DLBCL can involve spinal nerve roots extensively.
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Review Case Reports
[A case with both infectious cavernous sinus thrombosis and Lemierre syndrome due to intraoral resident flora].
The present report describes a 54-year-old woman with cavernous sinus thrombosis (CST) presenting with fever, and marked periorbital swelling. There is a history of untreated periodontal disease. On initial examination, periorbital pain associated with bilateral blephaloptosis, chemosis, and disturbed eye movement was present. ⋯ Antibiotic and anticoagulant treatment were initiated, and the tooth decay was treated; all clinical symptoms and signs subsequently improved. Additional neuroimaging showed that the thrombus was absent from both SOV and the cavernous sinus. Infectious CST is life threatening; therefore, laboratory and imaging examination should be performed quickly, and antibiotic and anticoagulant therapy administrated immediately.
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The author reviewed the clinical records and neuroradiologic examinations of 86 consecutive patients with orthostatic headache who visited our clinic between April 1995 and December 2014. Fifty-six patients were suspected to have spontaneous intracranial hypotension (SIH). The baseline characteristics of these patients were essentially similar to those reported in other published case series of SIH: female preponderance, mean age of approximately 40 years, and frequent association with nausea, hearing disturbances, or vertigo. ⋯ Linear regression analysis demonstrated that the duration of orthostatic headache was associated with the interval from onset of headache to initial visit to our clinic, with the slope of the regression line 1.243 and intercept 14.8 days. Thus, early diagnosis of SIH appeared to correlate with earlier disappearance of orthostatic headache. No other factors were found to predict the outcome of SIH.