Frontiers in pharmacology
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Frontiers in pharmacology · Jan 2020
ReviewPD-1/PD-L1 Based Combinational Cancer Therapy: Icing on the Cake.
Cancer has been a major global health problem due to its high morbidity and mortality. While many chemotherapy agents have been studied and applied in clinical trials or in clinic, their application is limited due to its toxic side effects and poor tolerability. ⋯ Various novel promising approaches are now in clinical trials, just as icing on the cake. This review summarizes relevant investigations on combinatorial therapeutics based on PD-1/PD-L1 inhibition.
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Frontiers in pharmacology · Jan 2020
A Cost-Effectiveness Analysis: First-Line Avelumab Plus Axitinib Versus Sunitinib for Advanced Renal-Cell Carcinoma.
Compared with the standard of care with sunitinib, avelumab plus axitinib can increase progression-free survival in the first-line of advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC), but the economic effect of the treatment is unknown. The purpose of the research was to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of the avelumab plus axitinib versus sunitinib in first-line treatment for advanced RCC from the US payer perspective. ⋯ Avelumab plus axitinib in the first-line treatment was not cost-effective in comparison with sunitinib when the threshold of willingness to pay (WTP) was $150,000 per QALY.
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Frontiers in pharmacology · Jan 2020
Integrating Pharmacology and Gut Microbiota Analysis to Explore the Mechanism of Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium Against Reserpine-Induced Spleen Deficiency in Rats.
Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium (CRP), dried peels of Citrus reticulata Blanco and its cultivars, is an important traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of spleen deficiency-related diseases. To date, the mechanism of CRP alleviating spleen deficiency has not been well investigated. This study aimed to explore corresponding mechanisms with integrating pharmacology and gut microbiota analysis. ⋯ Network pharmacology analysis showed that apigenin, luteolin, naringenin, hesperidin, hesperetin, homoeriodictyol, dihydroxy-tetramethoxyflavone, and monohydroxy-tetramethoxyflavone were the core bioactive components for CRP against spleen deficiency. Further Gene Ontology analysis and pathway enrichment suggested that therapeutic effects of CRP against spleen deficiency involved multiple pathways such as tumor necrosis factor signaling, hypoxia-inducible factor-1 signaling and Toll-like receptor signaling pathway. These results would help to understand the mechanism of CRP alleviating spleen deficiency and provide a reference for further studies.
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Frontiers in pharmacology · Jan 2020
Alleviation of Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome in Rats by Yiqi Huayu Jiedu Decoction: A Tandem Mass Tag-Based Proteomics Study.
To study the effect of Yiqi Huayu Jiedu Decoction (YQHYJD) on protein expression in the lung tissue of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) rats and to explore the underlying molecular therapeutic mechanism of YQHYJD. ⋯ YQHYJD can alleviate the lung injury of ARDS rats by regulating the Fc gamma receptor-mediated phagocytosis pathway, which is related to immune system.
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Frontiers in pharmacology · Jan 2020
Evaluation of the Quality of Antibiotic Prescribing in Primary Care: A Multicenter Longitudinal Study From Shenzhen, China.
Background: Currently, there is no comprehensive evaluation of the quality of antibiotic prescribing in China's primary care facilities based on longitudinal data. Methods: We randomly selected 11 community health centers in Shenzhen, China, and collected all outpatient prescriptions of these centers from 2010 to 2015. To evaluate the quality of antibiotic prescribing, we used six quality indicators for analysis, including number of antibiotics per 100 consultations, ratio between broad-spectrum and narrow-spectrum antibiotics (B/N ratio), percentage of first-line antibiotics recommended by guidelines, percentage of oral antibiotics with a duration exceeding the guideline recommendation, and new pediatric-specific indicators such as percentage of antibiotics with amoxicillin (A index) and ratio between amoxicillin and broad-spectrum antibiotics (A/B ratio). ⋯ Conclusion: A review of antibiotic prescribing in Shenzhen, China, showed a substantial reduction in antibiotic use in primary care. However, problems such as widespread use of broad-spectrum antibiotics, insufficient use of first-line antibiotics and low use of amoxicillin were prevalent. Improving and optimizing the quality of antibiotic prescribing, particularly in children prescriptions, will be the focus of future antibiotic stewardship in China.