The British journal of ophthalmology
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3D printing is a method of manufacturing in which materials, such as plastic or metal, are deposited onto one another in layers to produce a three dimensional object, such as a pair of eye glasses or other 3D objects. This process contrasts with traditional ink-based printers which produce a two dimensional object (ink on paper). To date, 3D printing has primarily been used in engineering to create engineering prototypes. ⋯ In contrast with conventional printers, 3D printing has the potential to enable mass customisation of goods on a large scale and has relevance in medicine including ophthalmology. 3D printing has already been proved viable in several medical applications including the manufacture of eyeglasses, custom prosthetic devices and dental implants. In this review, we discuss the potential for 3D printing to revolutionise manufacturing in the same way as the printing press revolutionised conventional printing. The applications and limitations of 3D printing are discussed; the production process is demonstrated by producing a set of eyeglass frames from 3D blueprints.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Defocus Incorporated Soft Contact (DISC) lens slows myopia progression in Hong Kong Chinese schoolchildren: a 2-year randomised clinical trial.
To determine if 'Defocus Incorporated Soft Contact' (DISC) lens wear slows childhood myopia progression. ⋯ The daily wearing of DISC lens significantly slowed myopia progression and axial elongation in Hong Kong schoolchildren. The findings demonstrated that simultaneous clear vision with constant myopic defocus can retard myopia progression.
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To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of methylene blue used as a non-invasive in vivo stain to detect ocular surface squamous neoplasia (OSSN). ⋯ The topical application of methylene blue is a simple, inexpensive, non-invasive diagnostic test that can be helpful in excluding malignant ocular surface lesions but cannot replace histology as gold standard for diagnosis of OSSN.
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To identify patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) specifically developed and used to assess the impact of ophthalmic disorders in children and to systematically assess their quality as a basis for recommendations about their use in clinical and research settings. ⋯ Paediatric ophthalmology PROM development and application is a developing field and new instruments are needed. There is scope for improvement in this area through (a) clarity of definitions of the underlying constructs intended to be measured at the onset of development of new instruments, (b) application of child-centred approaches and (c) adherence to extant guidance and best practice in questionnaire instrument development.
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Comparative Study
Utilisation of an outpatient sedation unit in paediatric ophthalmology: safety and effectiveness of chloral hydrate in 1509 sedation episodes.
To report the largest study on the safety and effectiveness of sedation in paediatric ophthalmology in a nurse-led outpatient sedation unit. ⋯ CH sedation allows detailed examination and investigations in the majority of children with few side effects. Patients over 15 kg and need for a top up dose are risk factors for failure and adverse events. This is the largest study in the current literature looking at the use of CH sedation in ophthalmology and confirms its safety and effectiveness.