Panminerva medica
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Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a widely diffused dysmetabolism, well known to be associated with an increased cardiovascular risk. However, a growing burden of evidence links MetS with several malignancies, potentially influencing the onset, progression, and therapeutic response. ⋯ We found that the current evidence on the subject is heterogeneous and inconsistent, making it difficult to draw definitive conclusions. Furthermore, since MetS would be a modifiable oncological risk factor, more high-quality data is needed for tailored treatment of bladder cancer.
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Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a clustering of several pathological medical conditions including hypertension, impaired glucose tolerance/diabetes, abdominal obesity and dyslipidemia. In the last two decades, MetS has reached an epidemic stage, with an estimated prevalence in the range of 30% among the American adult population and a constant increase for all age categories. The incidence of nephrolithiasis between different geographical areas, ranging 1% to 13%; however, a worldwide increase has been recently reported. ⋯ Conversely, less is known about the underlying mechanisms and the complex interplay between metabolic syndrome traits. In this work, we sought to review the literature and to summarize the available evidence regarding the association between metabolic syndrome and nephrolithiasis, the biological mechanisms linking metabolic syndrome and its trait to stone formation, and stone composition in individuals affected by metabolic syndrome. In conclusion, we would like to stress the concept of "appropriate" dietary habits and lifestyle as a key concept in the prevention of both metabolic syndrome and nephrolithiasis.
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Historically, urologists regarded prostate enlargement as the sole cause for male bladder problems. Over time, subdivision of symptoms into storage, voiding and post-voiding symptoms raised awareness of the urinary tract fine-tuning associated with urine storage and voiding, and led to the umbrella term lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS), which respects bladder and prostate function. While research goes on, it seems as if the more we know about urine storage and voiding, the more complicated it gets: different mechanism can mimic the same symptoms. Clinically, it remains ever the more challenging to understand the pathophysiological context of each patient. Metabolic syndrome (MetS), too, is an umbrella term. Metabolic changes caused by MetS pathophysiologically start with visceral adiposity. It leads to different changes in the signaling pathway including cytokines, elevated transmitters of inflammation, higher levels of free fatty acids (FFA), and adipokines, resulting in vasoconstriction, insulin resistance, impaired glucose uptake and high insulin secretion. Furthermore, MetS is thought to be associated with nephrolithiasis, BPH, LUTS, erectile dysfunction (ED), and infertility. This review aims at synthesizing interactions and consequences of LUTS with MetS. ⋯ Inflammation links both umbrella terms, LUTS and MetS. Understanding the exact role of the different elements will not only help to better understand both findings, but also lead to more efficacious treatment, and hopefully, in the future, personalized medicine, by understanding each individual's driving mechanism for LUTS. Reducing inflammation is likely to help patients with MetS and LUTS; further research could therefore focus on how to manage inflammation.
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The aim of this study is to explore the effect of micro ribonucleic acid (miR)-181a on the radiosensitivity of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and its potential mechanism of action. ⋯ MiR-181a reduces the radiosensitivity of NSCLC via inhibiting PTEN expression.