Przegla̧d epidemiologiczny
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The measles elimination goal in European Region should be reached by the target date of 2010. Measles elimination in Europe is achievable as demonstrated by countries that have maintained high vaccination coverage against that disease and have been free of indigenous measles for several years. However, suboptimal vaccination coverage against measles mumps and rubella (MMR) in parts of European Region threatens to delay measles elimination. This report summarizes the significance of epidemiological studies for progress of measles elimination.
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Many cases of swine flu is mild or even asymptomatic. The recent cases have been much more severe, and many patients have presented pneumonia, respiratory failure and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Illness-related fatalities have been recorded among individuals hospitalized in The Hospital For Infectious Diseases in Warsaw, Poland. There were 109 patients (age: 17-71y), with A/H1N1 infection confirmed by PCR. In this article have shown cases of H1N1 influenza - related complications. We observed bacterial superinfections associated with swine flu, ARDS and shock syndrome, secondary bacterial pneumonia and neurological complications. Severe hypoxemia, multilobar pneumonia, and dramatic signs and symptoms progression, were reported in 8 individuals. All patients required admission to intensive care unit and the mechanical ventilation. One patient died due to ARDS and encephalitis. Many people have experienced risk factors, e.g.: asthma, sarcoidosis, or chronic bronchitis and other pulmonary illness. One patient after renal transplant with immunosuppressive therapy recovered, as well as two patients with chronic lymphatic leucaemia in remission. Two woman with clinically-relevant obesity have developed rapid progression of respiratory insufficiency and were still on mechanical ventilation. Influenza A/H1N1 were observed in 10 pregnant women, without co-morbidities. Three of them developed interstitial pneumonia. Consequently pregnant women with confirmed pandemic A/H1N1 infection received treatment with oseltamivir. ⋯ Among 109 hospitalized individuals with A/H1N1 infection, eight (7%) developed severe pulmonary complications, and one of this patient died. The risk factors of progression to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) have all of this group patients.
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In the fifties and the sixties of 20th century big epidemic and increasing numbers of poliomyelitis cases were observed in Poland as well in other countries of Europe and world. Inactivated Salk's vaccine in injections as well as oral attenuated vaccine were introduced to the control and prevention of this disease. As the result of it poliomyelitis was eradicated in American, European and of West Pacific Region of WHO. ⋯ Just now new vaccines with poliomyelitis component as Boostrix Polio and Adacel Polio are convenient to use as booster doses of poliomyelitis vaccine. Actually inactivated polio vaccine is used in majority of west European countries, USA, Canada, Australia. Inactivated vaccine in basic and attenuated vaccine in booster doses were used in Central and East European countries and only attenuated vaccine are used in big African, South and Central American countries, China, India and countries, witch were the part of past Soviet Union.
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Historical Article
[First chemical mass attack in history of wars, Bolimów, January 31, 1915].
World War I was the conflict, during which it was first used chemical warfare on a massive scale. The earliest chemical attack occurred on the Western Front in October 1914 in Neuve Chapelle, but its effects were so minimal that the Allies learned about it only after the war from German documents. ⋯ Some of the later German attacks on the eastern front where chlorine was used proved to be more effective, but despite the many victims there was not any major strategic success achieved. The Russians did not take attempts to use chemical weapons in the First World War.
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The aim of this article is turning readers' attention to the scope of health problems related to mental disorders by presentation of selected areas of mental health in global perspective. Article presents data concerning mental disorders' prevalence in the world and data on selected aspects of public mental health, e. g. mental health policies in WHO regions. Selected WHO mental health projects and initiatives are presented.