Przegla̧d epidemiologiczny
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In Poland, 861 cases of bacterial meningitis and encephalitis, 307 cases of viral encephalitis, 1022 of viral meningitis and 286 cases of meningitis and encephalitis of other or unknown etiology were reported in 2002. Incidence of the bacterial central nervous system infections has been declining over the past decade and the level of viral infections, following the outbreak in the mid-nineties, remained stable. ⋯ Among them Neisseria meningitidis was found in 90 cases, Haemophilus influenzae in 72 cases and Streptococcus pneumoniae in 85 cases. As in the past type B was the predominant type of N. meningitidis cultured from the patients, but type C appears to be on the rise accounting for 35% of the serotyped strains. 126 cases of tick borne encephalitis were reported in Poland in 2002, most of them from endemic areas of north-eastern part of the country.
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PCT is a new highly sensitive and specific marker of bacterial and fungi infection--to be used in differential diagnosis at Infectious Diseases Departments. Author in this paper presents structure and mechanism of stimulation of PCT as a factor of "early infection's fase" for many infectious agents: bacteria, fungi, viruses and parasites. PCT may be found useful in diagnosing diseases; for ex.: sepsis, meningitis, inflammation of respiratory system, spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SPB) and other local inflammatory foci (otitis media, endocarditis). PCT level is low in systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) and multiorgan dysfunction syndrome (MODS) of non-infectious origin (< 0.5 ng/ml), medium in case of localized infections (1.0-2.0 ng/ml) and in severe cases of disseminated infections (sepsis-->SIRS-->MODS) high (approximately 20 ng/ml).
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2367 cases of meningitis and 571 of encephalitis were reported in Poland in 2001. Among meningitis 1324 cases were classified as viral and 838 as bacterial. ⋯ Among them Neisseria meningitidis was found in 106 cases, Haemophilus influenzae in 75 cases and Streptococcus pneumoniae in 99 cases. As in the past type B was the predominant type of N. meningitidis cultured from patients. 210 cases of tick borne encephalitis were reported in Poland in 2001, most of them from endemic areas of north-eastern part of the country.
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Historical Article
[History of poliomyelitis infection in the world and in Poland ].
The history of poliomyelitis infection in the world with special regards to Poland has been described. The main clinical and epidemiological features of disease have been outlined, especially these that helped to start global polio eradication initiative. ⋯ An impact of vaccination on epidemiological situation of poliomyelitis in the world and in Poland has been illustrated. The general principles and results of global poliomyelitis eradication program have been reported.