Przegla̧d epidemiologiczny
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In the fifties and the sixties of 20th century big epidemic and increasing numbers of poliomyelitis cases were observed in Poland as well in other countries of Europe and world. Inactivated Salk's vaccine in injections as well as oral attenuated vaccine were introduced to the control and prevention of this disease. As the result of it poliomyelitis was eradicated in American, European and of West Pacific Region of WHO. ⋯ Just now new vaccines with poliomyelitis component as Boostrix Polio and Adacel Polio are convenient to use as booster doses of poliomyelitis vaccine. Actually inactivated polio vaccine is used in majority of west European countries, USA, Canada, Australia. Inactivated vaccine in basic and attenuated vaccine in booster doses were used in Central and East European countries and only attenuated vaccine are used in big African, South and Central American countries, China, India and countries, witch were the part of past Soviet Union.
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Historical Article
[First chemical mass attack in history of wars, Bolimów, January 31, 1915].
World War I was the conflict, during which it was first used chemical warfare on a massive scale. The earliest chemical attack occurred on the Western Front in October 1914 in Neuve Chapelle, but its effects were so minimal that the Allies learned about it only after the war from German documents. ⋯ Some of the later German attacks on the eastern front where chlorine was used proved to be more effective, but despite the many victims there was not any major strategic success achieved. The Russians did not take attempts to use chemical weapons in the First World War.
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The aim of this article is turning readers' attention to the scope of health problems related to mental disorders by presentation of selected areas of mental health in global perspective. Article presents data concerning mental disorders' prevalence in the world and data on selected aspects of public mental health, e. g. mental health policies in WHO regions. Selected WHO mental health projects and initiatives are presented.
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Number of cases of tetanus in Poland remains low. In 2008, 14 cases of tetanus (10 women and 4 men) were reported in Poland. All those cases were among people of age 60 or more. 7 deaths were reported. ⋯ Post exposure anatoxine was applied only in 3 cases. The data show effectiveness of vaccination program in younger age groups, but they also show need for promotion of post exposure prophylaxis, especially among older people both in rural and in urban areas. No case of neonatal tetanus was noted in Poland since 1984.