Przegla̧d epidemiologiczny
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Today's world enables quick travelling what may be connected with crossing multiple time zones. Numerous studies have shown that travelling across three or more time zones may lead tojet lag, which is a consequence of circadian misalignment that occurs after crossing time zones too rapidly for the circadian system to keep pace. ⋯ A lot of techniques of light therapy and pharmacological treatment are being used in order to reduce the jet lag symptoms, however their effectiveness is still being questioned. Therefore, the awareness of travelers should be rised and they should be helped with the proper preparation to transmeridian flights, which may enable faster adaptation to a new time zone with the minimal use of pharmacology.
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Brain abscess is one of the most serious diseases of the central nervous system. This condition is more common among men--twice to three times, and morbidity rate is highest in fourth decade of the life. Etiologic agents of brain abscess are bacteria, fungus, protozoa and parasites. ⋯ Actually two methods of surgical treatment are used: CT- guided stereotactic aspiration and incision of the brain abscess by craniotomy. Actually mortality rate is 6 to 24%. Among 30-56% patients permanent neurological complications are reported.
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The aim of this work is to analyze epidemiology of hospital acquired infections in Polish hospitals, according to type and size of hospital. ⋯ PNEU and VAP epidemiology in Polish intensive care units indicates serious problems in hospital infections control: high values of morbidity in non-teaching ICUs reflect the huge risk of developing infections in Polish hospitals. Low rates in ICUs of teaching hospitals reflect lack of surveillance and detection of infections in such hospitals.
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Serology remains the mainstay of diagnosis of syphilis. It's most important issues are: the knowledge of typical and atypical symptoms of the disease, the need of the testing in particular clinical and epidemiological situations, the interpretation of tests' results. The most frequent dilemmas and the relevance of serological tests in congenital syphilis and neurosyphilis, as well as the quality (standardization and reproducibility) of laboratory testing are discussed.
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Changing world and occurrence of new emerging disease and pathogens produce a great need of not only of a good laboratory and surveillance capacity but also good ways and channels of international communication. International Health Regulations (2005) oblige both WHO and state-parties to create a new elements in their surveillance and respond structures. To maintain a good communication in urgent situations WHO was oblige to designate a 6 WHO IHR Contacts Points in their Regional Offices and each country--IHR state-party had to designate or nominate National IHR Focal Point. This article describe functions and obligations of National IHR Focal Point with especially functionality of IHR NFP in Poland.